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The Normal Animal > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Microbiome

A

Intestinal flora, symbiotic organisms

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2
Q

Metabolism

A

the sum of all anabolic and catabolic processes

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3
Q

Anabolic

A

bio synthetic processes

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4
Q

Catabolic

A

degradation processes

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5
Q

Glycolysis occurs in __________

A

Cytosol

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6
Q

What occurs in the mitochondria?

A

TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

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7
Q

Ability to recover energy equivalents (ATP) by oxidation of…

A

sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids

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8
Q

Glycolysis converts _____ unit of glucose to _____ units of pyruvate

A

One, two

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9
Q

Glycolysis produces net gain of…

A

2 ATP, 2 NADH

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10
Q

What molecule enters the Krebs cycle?

A

Acetyl CoA

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11
Q

Krebs Cycle yields…

A

3 NADH, 1 GTP, 1 FADH2, 2CO2

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12
Q

Energy derived from oxidation of _______ and _______ creates a proton gradient across inner mitochondrial membrane

A

NADH, FADH2

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13
Q

Pancreas is attached to the digestive tract at the ______

A

duodenum

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14
Q

Isletsof Langerhans

A

Endocrine pancreas cells, secrete hormones including insulin and glucagon into nearby blood vessels

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15
Q

Insulin _______ transport of glucose and amino acids into cells

A

Increase

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16
Q

Glucagon is found in ___ cells

A

alpha

17
Q

Insulin is found in ____ cells

A

Beta

18
Q

In muscle cells, insulin…

A

glycogen synthesis

19
Q

In the liver, insulin…

A

suppresses glycogenolysid

20
Q

In the kidney tubules, insulin…

A

Increases absorption of glucose from filtrate

21
Q

Glucagon release from pancreas triggered by relatively ________ blood glucose levels.

A

Low

22
Q

In the liver, glucagon…

A

Induces glycogenolysis, releasing glucose into blood

23
Q

Insulin has a _______ effect on glucagon release

A

Negative

24
Q

Glucagon ________ release of insulin in the pancreas

A

Promotes

25
Q

Insulin is a _______

A

Polypeptide hormone

26
Q

Proinsulin

A

Protein precursor of mature insulin

27
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excessive glucose in blood

28
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood glucose

The Normal Animal (5 decks)

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