Metabolism

Question 1

What are the functions of metabolism?

Answer 1

CASB

1. Get ATP by breaking down molecules
2. Convert molecules into bigger molecules
3. Assemble small building block molecules into larger molecules
4. To synthesize and degrade biomolecules that have specialized functions in cells

Question 2

Metabolism is the sum of __ and __.

Answer 2

Anabolism, catobolism

Question 3

Metabolic pathways can be in what 3 shapes?

Answer 3

Circular, linear or branched.

Question 4

3 fundamental needs

Answer 4

1. power muscle contraction, cell movement and biosynthesis
2. phototrophs obtain energy through sunlight
3. chemotrophs obtain energy through carbon fuels

Question 5

6 principals of energy manipulation

Answer 5

1. molecules are degraded and synthesized stepwise
2. ATP is the energy currency of life
3. ATP can be formed by oxidation of carbon fuels
4. Common metabolic pathways occur in different cells but are isolated only to the one type of cell
5. Metabolic pathways are highly regulated
6. Enzymes involved in metabolism are organized into large complexes

Question 6

2 Parts of metabolic pathways

Answer 6

1. catabolic synthesize ATP

2. Anabolic use ATP to synthesize large molecules

Question 7

What is Bioenergetics?

Answer 7

Transformation and use of energy by living things

Question 8

When free energy (G) is negative the reaction is___

Answer 8

exergonic

ex, ATP hydrolysis

Question 9

When free energy (G) is positive it is ___

Answer 9

endergonic

Question 10

Why is ATP hydrolysis exergonic?

Answer 10

The triphosphate unit contains 2 phosphoanhydride bonds that are unstable

Question 11

3 reasons ATP has a high Phosphoryl-transfer potential:

Answer 11

1. charge repulsion
2. Resonance stabilization
3. stabilization by hydration

Question 12

Standard Free energy of ATP is:

Answer 12

-30.5

Question 13

Oxidation is the ___ electrons. While reduction is the ___ of electrons

Answer 13

loss, gain

Question 14

3 principals of Regulation of Metabolic process:

Answer 14

1. amount of enzymes
2. enzyme catalytic activities (inhibitors and activators + covalent modifications ie. hormones)
3. accessibility of substrates

Question 15

If a reaction had a Keq of 0.21, what direction of reaction would be favoured? What about a Keq of 3.75?

Answer 15

0. 21: ∆G°’ will be a positive value, meaning that the reverse reaction will be favoured.
1. 75: ∆G°’ will be a negative value, meaning that the forward reaction will be favoured.

Question 16

Does a more oxidized carbon or a more reduced carbon produce the most energy?

Answer 16

reduced

Question 17

What is the key difference between NADH and NADPH?

Answer 17

NADH is used primarily for the generation of ATP, while NADPH is used primarily for reductive biosynthesis.