Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

What is gluconeogenesis and its function?

Answer 1

production of glucose from non-carbohydrates

its function is to maintain adequate glucose levels in the blood.

Question 2

What are the 3 reactions that can overcome the irreversible steps of glycolysis?

Answer 2

1. synthesis of phosphoenolpyruvate from pyruvate by 2 step reaction w/ oxaloacetate as intermediate
2. synthesis of F6P from F1,6-BiP
3. production of glucose from G6P

Question 3

T or F: Glucose is a primary fuel for almost all organisms?

Answer 3

true

Question 4

How many reactions and which are irriversible?

Answer 4

10 reactions

1. glucose> G6P
2. F6P> F1,6BiP
3. Pyruvate kinase > pyruvate

Question 5

T or F: gluconeogenesis occurs in the muscle

Answer 5

false, liver and kidneys

Question 6

what is the yield of this reaction?

Answer 6

1. glucose
2. 4 ADP
3. 2 GDP
4. 6 Pi
5. 2 NAD

Question 7

How much ATP and GTP are spent?

Answer 7

4 ATP

2 GTP

Question 8

when glucose is abundant, _____ is favoured. When glucose is scarce, ____ is favoured.

Answer 8

glycolysis, gluconeogenesis

Question 9

what are the inhibitors of this process (3)?

Answer 9

1. F2,6BiP
2. AMP
3. ADP

Question 10

oxaloacetate does not have a transporter in mitchodondria. What is it converted to remedy this?

Answer 10

Malete

Question 11

T or F: carboxylation can occur w/out Acetyl CoA?

Answer 11

false

Question 12

What is the major point of regulation?

Answer 12

F1,6BiP > F6P

Question 13

How do AMP and F26BiP regulate gluconeogenesis?

Answer 13

Activate phosphofructokinase and inhibit F16BiP = slows down gluconeogenesis

Question 14

how does citrate regulate gluconeogenesis?

Answer 14

inhibits PFK and simulates F16BiP

Question 15

how does ATP and alanine regulate gluconeogenesis?

Answer 15

inhibit pyruvate kinase

Question 16

How does ADP regulate?

Answer 16

blocks conversion of pyruvate to phospheonolpyruvate

Question 17

gluconeogenesis is exergonic because ____ _____

Answer 17

Reaction coupling