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Biology > Metabolic Processes Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Metabolic Processes Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Two Stages of Photosynthesis

A

Light dependent and light independent

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2
Q

Light Dependent reactions

A
  • absorption of photons of light

- light needs to be present

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3
Q

Light independent reactions

A
  • Calvin cycle
  • need for Calvin cycle to happen
  • need ATP and NADPH (can be In the dark)
  • light needs to be absorbed
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4
Q

Photosynthetic Organisms

A

Organisms that carry our photosynthesis:

  • plants
  • algae
  • some protists
  • Cyanobacteria
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5
Q

What organisms are Eukaryotes Autotrophs

A

Algae, photosynthetic protists and plants

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6
Q

Eukaryotic Autotrophs

A
  • They have chloroplasts as discrete organelles
  • Green colour due to chlorophyll
  • In plants, leaves -primary organs for photosynthesis
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7
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Photosynthetic “powerhouse”

Both LD reactions and Calvin cycle take place in here

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8
Q

Chloroplast 3 membrane structure

A

Outer, inner and thylakoid membrane

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9
Q

What plants must obtain for photosynthesis to take place?

A

Carbon dioxide
Water
Light energy

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10
Q

Capturing light energy

A

The ability to trap light energy and convert to chemical energy requires a sophisticated photochemical apparatus

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11
Q

Primary electron acceptor

A

Molecule capable of accepting electrons and becoming reduced during photosynthesis

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12
Q

Chlorophyll

A

major photosynthetic pigments in plants, green algae, and cyanobacteria

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13
Q

2 types of chlorophyll

A

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b

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14
Q

Carotenoids

A

second major group of photosynthetic pigments

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15
Q

Antenna Complex

A

captures light energy and transfers it to a chlorophyll a molecule and the primary electron acceptor in the reaction centre

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16
Q

Absorption spectrum

A

measures the magnitude of absorption of light of a pigment

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17
Q

Action spectrum

A

plots the effectiveness of light of various wavelengths in driving photosynthesis

18
Q

Proteins =

A

Photosystems

19
Q

Photosystem I (PSI)

A

absorb light optimally at wavelengths 700 nm (P700 molecules)

20
Q

Photosystem II (PSII)

A

absorb light optimally at wavelengths 680nm (P680 molecules)

21
Q

Cuticle

A

protecting film covering the epidermis of leaves

22
Q

Upper epidermis

A

top of leaf, single layer of cells directly below cuticle, protects leaf, providing water loss and providing an extra layer between out/in of leaf

23
Q

palisade mesophyll

A

absorb light for photosynthesis to take place. Consists of chloroplasts with chlorophyll

24
Q

Spongy mesophyll

A

leaf tissue consisting of loosely arranged chloroplasts bearing cells, located on lower side of leaf

25
Q

lower epidermis

A

single layer of cells on lower surface of leaf. contains stromata and guard cells. Stroma allows exchange for C)2 and O2 and transpiration

26
Q

stroma

A

tiny openings or pores in tissue that allows for gas exchange. Mostly found in leaves sometimes stems

27
Q

air space

A

irregularly shaped cells loosely packed with air spaces. storage place for products of photosynthesis

28
Q

Xylem veins

A

transports water + minerals from roots to leaves (upper side of veins)

29
Q

Phloem veins

A

transports carbohydrates made by photosynthesis in leaves and rest of plant (lower side)

30
Q

Proton Motive Force

A

occurs when the cell membrane becomes energized due to electron transport reactions by the electron carriers embedded in it.

31
Q

Proton Motive Force 3 mechanisms

A
  1. reduction and oxidation of plastoquinon
  2. addition of two protons for each water molecule spilt in thee lumen
  3. removal of one proton for each NADP+ reduced in the stroma
32
Q

Role of light energy

A

drives photosynthetic electron transport chain
gives energy H20
PSI has the same function as PSII

33
Q

Types of ETC in photosynthesis

A
  • linear (makes ATP, NADPH) including P680 and NADP+ reductase
  • clitic, electrons kept in P700
34
Q

Calvin cycle three phrases

A
  • carbon fixation
  • reduction reaction
  • regeneration of ribulose 1, 5-biphosphate (RuBP)
35
Q

Most important enzyme in calvin cycle

A

Rubisco

36
Q

C3 plants conditions

A

On hot, dry days, these plants close stomata to prevent water loss and gas exchange

37
Q

C4 plants conditions

A

Tropical pants, and several temperate crop species. (warmer climates)

38
Q

Photorespiration

A

the catalysis of O2 instead of CO2 by rubisco into RuBP, which slows the Calvin cycle, consumes ATP, and results in a release in a release of carbon

39
Q

C4 cycle

A

an alternative form of carbon fixation that some plants use., particularly in hot water, increases the concentration of CO2 available for the Calvin cycle reactions

40
Q

CAM plants conditions

A

hot and dry during the day and cool at night

41
Q

CAM metabolism

A

used mostly by succulent plants, which the Calvin cycle and the C4 cycle are separated in time for better efficiently of CO2 fixation

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