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Metabolic Pathways Flashcards

0
Q

Glycolysis: where

A

Cytoplasm

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1
Q

Glycolysis: What

A

Converts glucose to 3 carbon compounds

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2
Q

Glycolysis: substrate

A

Glucose

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3
Q

Glycolysis: end product

A

Pyruvate/ lactate (also NADH)

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4
Q

Glycolysis: rate limiting step

A

F6P to F1,6BP E: phosphofructokinase

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5
Q

Hexokinase is inhibited by

A

G6P

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6
Q

Glucokinase is inhibites by

A

Fructose 6P

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7
Q

Activates PFK 1

A

Fructose 2,6 BP

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8
Q

PFK is inhibited by

A

ATP ad citrate

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9
Q

Shuttle NADH

A

Malate aspartate shuttle; glycerol phosphate shuttle

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10
Q

Strictly glycolytic organs

A

RBC, lens, cornea, kidney medulla, testes, WBC

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11
Q

TCA: what for

A

ATP, gluceneogensis from skeletons of aa, building blocks for aa and heme(succinyk)

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12
Q

TCa: where?

A

Mitohondria exept succinate dehdrogenase in inner membrane

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13
Q

TCA: substrate

A

Acetyl coa

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14
Q

TCA: product

A

CO2, GTP, NADH, FADH2

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15
Q

TCA: rate limiting

A

Isocitrate to a ketoglutarate(via isocitrate dehydrogenase)

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16
Q

Inhibits citrate to isocitrate step(found in rat poison)

A

Fluoroacetate

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17
Q

TCA intermediate delivers acetyl coA to cytoplasm for FA synthesis via citrate shuttle

A

Citrate

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18
Q

TCA intermediate: heme synthesis and activation of ketone bodies

A

Succinyl coA

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19
Q

TCA intermediate: used for gluconeogensis

A

Malate

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20
Q

Gluconeogenesis: what for

A

Glucose from: TCA ang glycolysis intermediates; glycerol; lactate; a ketoacids (glucogenic amino acids)

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21
Q

Gluconeogenesis: where

A

Liver and kidney; mitochondria and cytoplams

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22
Q

Gluconeogenesis: substrate

A

Pyruvate

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23
Q

Gluconeogenesis: product

A

Glucose

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24
Gluconeogenesis: rate limiting step
F1,6BP to F6P (fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase)
25
All carboxylase require this as a co factor
Biotin
26
Carboxylase reactions
Pyruvate to OAA(pyruvate carboxylase); acetyl coA to malonyl CoA(acetyl coA carboxylase); propionyl CoA(propionyl CoA)
27
Fructose 2,6 BP promotes glycolysis and hinders glucneogensis via its action on?
PFK 1- inhibition; F1,6 BP inhibition
28
Glycogenesis: what for
Synthesis of new glycogen molecules from a-D glucose
29
Glycogenesis: where
Liver and muscle; cytosok
30
Glycogenesis: substrates
UDP glucose; ATP and UTP; glycogenin
31
Glycogenesis: product
Glycogen
32
Glycogenesis: rate limiting
Glycogen elongation- Glycogen synthase
33
Glycogenolysis: what for
Produce molecules of a-D- glucose
34
Glycogenolysis: where
Liver and muscles
35
Glycogenolysis: substrate
Glycogen; limit dextrin
36
Glycogenolysis: products
Glucose 1-P and free glcose
37
Glycogenolysis: rate limiting step
Removal of glucose (breaks a 1-4 bonds) (glycogen phosphorylase)
38
In what metabolic pahway so you find aldolase A
Glyolysis
39
In what metabolic pahway so you find aldolase B
Fructose metabolism
40
Mannose 6-P to fructose 6-P what enzyme?
Phosphomannose isomerase
41
Glucose to sorbitol is mediated by what enzyme
Aldose reductase
42
Sorbitol to fructose is mediaed by what enzyme
Sorbitol dehydrogenase
43
Pentose phosphate pathway: what for
Produces NADPH, ribose 5 phosphate, metabolic use of 5 C sugars
44
Pentose phosphate pathway: where
Cystoplasm; lipid producing tissues
45
Pentose phosphate pathway: substrates
Glucose 6-P
46
Pentose phosphate pathway: products
Ribose 5 P, fructose 6 P, glyceraldehyde 3P, NADPH
47
Pentose phosphate pathway: rate limiting
Glucose 6 P to 6 phosphogluconate (glucose 6P dehdyrogenase)
48
Transketolases require what vitamin
Thiamine
49
Fatty acid synthesis: whatnfir
Palmitate
50
Fatty acid synthesis: where
Cytosol
51
Fatty acid synthesis: substrates
1 acetyl coa, 7malonyl co-, NADPH and ATP
52
Fatty acid synthesis: product
Palmitate
53
Fatty acid synthesis: rate limiting step
Acetyl coa+ ATP to malonyl CoA (acetyl CoA carboxylase)
54
Steps in assembly of palmitate
Condensaion, reduction, dehydration, reduction
55
Ketogenesis: what for?
Converts acetyl coA to ketone bodies
56
Ketogenesis: where
Mitochondria
57
Ketogenesis: substrate
Acetyl coA
58
Ketogenesis: products
Ketone bodied, acetone
59
Ketogenesis: rate limitig step
Acretoacetyl coA +acetyl coA to HMG coA (HMG CoA synthase)
60
Why cant the liver degraebprncknvert acetoacetate to CoA
It lacks succinyl coA acetoacetyl CoA transferase (thiophrase)
61
Cholesterol synthesis: what for
De novo synthesis of cholesterol
62
Cholesterol synthesis: where
All cells, cytosol and smooth ER; liver and INTESTINES
63
Cholesterol synthesis: substrates
Acetyl coA, NADPH, ATP
64
Cholesterol synthesis: products
Lanosterol- cholesterol
65
Cholesterol synthesis: rate limiting
HMG coA to mevalonate (HMG coA reductase)
66
Farnesyl pyrophospate is an intemerdiate used for:
(Cholesterol synthesis) 1. Synthesis of Coenzyme Q 2. Synthesis of dolichol pyrophosphate 3. Prenylation of proteins
67
Bile synthesis: Rate limiting enzyme
Cholesterol 7 a hydroxylase
68
Bile acids are conjugated with
Glycine and taurine
69
Excreted bile is reabsorbed where?
Terminal ileum
70
Steroid hormone synthesis: what for
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex hormones
71
Steroid hormone synthesis: where
Smooth ER: adrenal cortrex, ovaries and testes, placenta
72
Steroid hormone synthesis: substrates
Cholesterol, pregnanalone
73
Steroid hormone synthesis: rate limiting step
Cholesterol to pregnanalone (desmolass)
74
Blocks rate limiting stepnod steroid formation
Aminogluthemide
75
Apoprotein secreted by epithelial cells:
B 48
76
Apoprotein thy actuvates lipoprotein lipase
C II
77
Apoprotein that mediates uptake by liver
E
78
Apoprotein secreted by liver
B 100
79
Apoprotein that activates lecithin cholestrol acyltransferase or LCAT to produce cholesterol esters
A-1
80
Urea cycle: substrate
NH3, aspartate, CO2
81
Urea cycle: Rate limiting step
CO2 + NH3 to carbamoyl phosphate (carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I aka CPD I)
82
Urea cycle: cofactors
N acetylglutamate and Biotin
83
Cyclic compounds formed by linkage of four pyrrole rings through methyne
Porphyrins
84
Rate limiting step in heme synthesis
Glycine + succinyl coA to d- aminolevulinic acid (ALA SYNTHASE)
85
Heme synthesis: cofactor
Pyridoxine
86
Glycolysis steps
Goodness Gracious father franklin dis go by picking pumpkins

Biochemistry (8 decks)

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