Metabolic Integration Flashcards
Inter conversion occurs between what 3 major nutrients?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Protein
what does hydroxyproline become?
pyruvate
what is anabolism?
using simple molecules to make more complex ones (macromolecules)
what is catabolism?
break down of large molecules into smaller units + produces energy
what is the final catabolic pathway for CHO, protein and lipids?
TCA or Kreb cycle
other than producing energy, what are other functions for the TCA cycle ?
- CO2 is a source of carboxylation for lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis
- provides intermediates for lipid, CHO and protein metabolism
- citrate and malate are intermediates for lipogenesis
what is glucose a precursor for?
glycerol 3-P and acetyl CoA
odd- chain fatty acids are _________.
Glucogenic
what is the only compound that can be converted to CHO ? when is this important?
glycerol 3-P , important during fasting to maintain blood glucose level
Can fatty acids be converted into amino acids?
NOPE.
nonessential glucogenic amino acids are interconvertable with what?
CARBOHYDRATES
is conversion of glucogenic amino acids into fat common?
NO
how is blood glucose level maintained in the liver?
- galactose/fructose–> glucose
- lactate from muscles–> glucose
- alanine from muscles –> glucose
- high blood glucose (after a meal)–> glycogenesis
- low blood glucose (overnight fasting)–> glycogenolysis
what are most amino acids catabolized to?
acetyl CoA and other TCA intermediates
what is the only site for Nitrogen excretion in the form of urea?
the liver
what are fatty acids entering the liver used for?
triglyceride synthesis or released in blood as lipoprotein
Most triglyceride synthesis is in the ____.
liver
where are triglycerides delivered from the liver? in what form?
TGs delivered from the liver to the adipose tissue in the form of VLDL
what is the major source of energy for the liver?
Triglycerides
what is acetyl CoA used for when it is not used for energy?
production of ketone bodies
what happens to fatty acid during the fed state?
Catabolism
what happens to fatty acid during the fasted state
Anabolism
