Metabolic fuels + diet Flashcards
Define metabolism
sum of all chemical reactions within cells of living organisms
Providing energy for vital processes and synthesis of new molecules and tissues
Recommended caloric range for adults
2-2.5k
Defines catabolism
breaks down larger molecules to smaller
Define anabolism
synthesis of larger molecules from smaller
Name 4 metabolic pathways
FWOB
Fuel storage
Waste disposal
Oxidative processes
Biosynthesis
Which of the 4 metabolic pathways are anabolic
Waste
Fuel storage
Biosyntheses
which of the 4 pathways are catabolic
Biosynthesis
Oxidative processes
What percentage of adipose tissue is fat
85
name 2 metabolic pathways of the liver
removal of toxin
gluconeogenisis
is insulin catabolic or anabolic
anabolic
Name 3 dietary fuels
Carbs
Fats
Protein
How is BMI calculates
Kg/m^2
boundaries for overweight BMI
25-30
Recommended intake of protein per Kg of Body weight
0.8kg
approx what percentage Nitrogen is in protein
16
what can be broken down in proteins to yield energy through gluconeogenesis
Carbon backbone
what can be broken down in fats to yield energy through gluconeogenesis
glycerol backbone
Max storage of glycogen in liver in grams
200
does glycogen increase or decrease post fasting
decrease
how much glycogen can be stored in muscles
150g
Catabolism provides energy for anabolism T/F
T
Energy per gram of Carbs
4 Kcal
Energy per gram of protein
4 Kcal
Energy per gram of ethanol
7 kcal
Energy per Fram of fat
9 Kcal
What does BMR stand for
Basal Metabolic Rate
definition of BMR
total energy requires at rest with no movement and bodily functions
List some conditions ESSENTIAL for measuring BMR
-12 hour fast
-Thermo neutral environment
-Physically and metal at rest
-fasting from heavy activity
-fasting from stimulants
List some factors affecting BMR
-age
-gender (small difference)
-hypo and hyperthyroidism
-low and high muscle mass
-Increased and decreased BW
-illness
-chronic illness
What does overnight starvation does to insulin and cortisol
decreases insulin
Increases cortisol
What are some of the effects of 4+ days of starvation
liver using producing ketones from fatty acids
brain adapts to using ketones
BMR decreases
Define malnutrition
Imbalance and or deficiency of energy or specific nutrients causing measurable adverse effects
List essential vitamins
C
B 1,2,3,6,12
Biotin
A
D
E
K
Carotenoids
Folate
ABBBBBBCCDEFK
What does vitamin C do
collagen synthesis
What does B 12 do
facilitates folate for DNA, healthy RBC production
Low levels is a type of anemia
Helps nerves function
What does B1 do (Thiamin)
Energy production
What does B2 do (riboflavin)
energy production
facilitates other B vitamins
What does B3 do (niacin)
facilities energy from carb, fat and protein
What does B6 do
facilitates protein and glycogen, helps form haemoglobin
What does Biotin do
allow body to use protein, carb and fat from food
What does folate (folic acid) do
production of maintainers of DNA
Reduces chances of birth defects like Spina Bifida
What does Vitamin A do
vision, infection protection, healthy skin
What does vitamin D do
calcium ad phosphorus, teeth and bone health
what does vitamin E do
immunity + antioxidant
What does vitamin K do
clotting cascade
proteins dor blood, bones and kidneys
