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IMMS > Metabolic fuels + diet > Flashcards

Metabolic fuels + diet Flashcards

1
Q

Define metabolism

A

sum of all chemical reactions within cells of living organisms

Providing energy for vital processes and synthesis of new molecules and tissues

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2
Q

Recommended caloric range for adults

A

2-2.5k

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3
Q

Defines catabolism

A

breaks down larger molecules to smaller

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4
Q

Define anabolism

A

synthesis of larger molecules from smaller

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5
Q

Name 4 metabolic pathways

A

FWOB

Fuel storage
Waste disposal
Oxidative processes
Biosynthesis

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6
Q

Which of the 4 metabolic pathways are anabolic

A

Waste
Fuel storage
Biosyntheses

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7
Q

which of the 4 pathways are catabolic

A

Biosynthesis
Oxidative processes

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8
Q

What percentage of adipose tissue is fat

A

85

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9
Q

name 2 metabolic pathways of the liver

A

removal of toxin
gluconeogenisis

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10
Q

is insulin catabolic or anabolic

A

anabolic

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11
Q

Name 3 dietary fuels

A

Carbs
Fats
Protein

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12
Q

How is BMI calculates

A

Kg/m^2

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13
Q

boundaries for overweight BMI

A

25-30

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14
Q

Recommended intake of protein per Kg of Body weight

A

0.8kg

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15
Q

approx what percentage Nitrogen is in protein

A

16

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16
Q

what can be broken down in proteins to yield energy through gluconeogenesis

A

Carbon backbone

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17
Q

what can be broken down in fats to yield energy through gluconeogenesis

A

glycerol backbone

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18
Q

Max storage of glycogen in liver in grams

A

200

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19
Q

does glycogen increase or decrease post fasting

A

decrease

20
Q

how much glycogen can be stored in muscles

A

150g

21
Q

Catabolism provides energy for anabolism T/F

A

T

22
Q

Energy per gram of Carbs

A

4 Kcal

23
Q

Energy per gram of protein

A

4 Kcal

24
Q

Energy per gram of ethanol

A

7 kcal

25
Q

Energy per Fram of fat

A

9 Kcal

26
Q

What does BMR stand for

A

Basal Metabolic Rate

27
Q

definition of BMR

A

total energy requires at rest with no movement and bodily functions

28
Q

List some conditions ESSENTIAL for measuring BMR

A

-12 hour fast

-Thermo neutral environment

-Physically and metal at rest

-fasting from heavy activity

-fasting from stimulants

29
Q

List some factors affecting BMR

A

-age

-gender (small difference)

-hypo and hyperthyroidism

-low and high muscle mass

-Increased and decreased BW

-illness

-chronic illness

30
Q

What does overnight starvation does to insulin and cortisol

A

decreases insulin
Increases cortisol

31
Q

What are some of the effects of 4+ days of starvation

A

liver using producing ketones from fatty acids

brain adapts to using ketones

BMR decreases

32
Q

Define malnutrition

A

Imbalance and or deficiency of energy or specific nutrients causing measurable adverse effects

33
Q

List essential vitamins

A

C
B 1,2,3,6,12
Biotin
A
D
E
K
Carotenoids
Folate

ABBBBBBCCDEFK

34
Q

What does vitamin C do

A

collagen synthesis

35
Q

What does B 12 do

A

facilitates folate for DNA, healthy RBC production

Low levels is a type of anemia

Helps nerves function

36
Q

What does B1 do (Thiamin)

A

Energy production

37
Q

What does B2 do (riboflavin)

A

energy production

facilitates other B vitamins

38
Q

What does B3 do (niacin)

A

facilities energy from carb, fat and protein

39
Q

What does B6 do

A

facilitates protein and glycogen, helps form haemoglobin

40
Q

What does Biotin do

A

allow body to use protein, carb and fat from food

41
Q

What does folate (folic acid) do

A

production of maintainers of DNA

Reduces chances of birth defects like Spina Bifida

42
Q

What does Vitamin A do

A

vision, infection protection, healthy skin

43
Q

What does vitamin D do

A

calcium ad phosphorus, teeth and bone health

44
Q

what does vitamin E do

A

immunity + antioxidant

45
Q

What does vitamin K do

A

clotting cascade

proteins dor blood, bones and kidneys

IMMS (12 decks)

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