Metabolic Disorders Flashcards by Emily Cottenden

what breed is HYPP most common in? what sire is blamed for it?

quarter horses

traced back to impressive

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

physiology of HYPP

genetic defect that disrupts sodium potassium channels along muscle cell membranes allowing excess sodium to leak in and potassium to leak out

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symptoms of HYPP

episodes of muscle tremors and respiratory noises

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what can HYPP cause that leads to death

cardiac or respiratory failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of HYPP

-ACE(diuretic)
-IV calcium and sodium
-low K diet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what feeds should be avoided with an HYPP horse

alfalfa
brome hay
soybean meal/oil
beet molasses

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what sire is HERDA traced back to? what breeds is it heaviest in

Poco Bueno
heavy in cow horses, roping horses, and reigners

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F herda is linked to a recessive gene

TRUE

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

symptoms of herda

drooping skin
hematomas
sloughing skin
no wound healing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is heaves? what are possible causes?

it it the inability to empty lungs due to rupture in some of the alveoli.
thought to be hereditary, allergic reaction, over exercise, or dust and mold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

signs of heaves

cough
nasal discharge
shortness of breath
heave line

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of heaves

-lessen hay when its severe(or wet it to limit dust)
-dampen shavings
-minimize exercise
-corticosteroids or bronchodilators in acute cases

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is roaring

paralysis of one or both muscles in the larynx leading to a collapsed vocal fold

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what percent of roars are on the left side?

90%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

possible causes of roaring

-hereditary
-degeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve
-respiratory infection
-toxin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of roaring
how effective is it

-laryngeal ventriculectomy(surgery)
70% effective

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what disease is wobble often referred to as

EPM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

major causes of spinal cord damage in wobbles

-malformation of C. vertibra
-trauma from falling
-virus(herpes or rhino)
-protozoa(EPM)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of wobbles

-prevention is best since recovery is rare
-corticosteroids
-correct nutritional deficiency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is umbilical hernia

protrusion of contents of the abdomen(peritoneum, intestines) through an opening in the muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is umbilical hernia caused by

-hereditary defect in muscle around naval
-cutting umbilical cord too close

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

two types of umbilical hernia

-reducible: not immediately dangerous, intestines can be pushed back in
-strangulated: irreversible, hernia becomes painful and shows signs of colic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

treatment of hernias

-most reducible hernias dont require treatment
-irreducible hernias require surgery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what age do warts typically appear

horses under 3

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

spread pattern of warts

can spread horse to horse, but not to other species

what may happen if warts are removed in early stages

it may stimulate regrowth

T/F warts are commonly left untreated and go away on their own

TRUE

what are sarcoids thought to be caused by

a virus

what do sarcoids resemble in early stages? later stages?

early: wart' later: granulation tissue

what do sarcoids consist mainly of

connective tissue

where are sarcoids most commonly found

on the head and can be transferred to other parts of the body

T/F research shows that sarcoids are easily transferable from horse to horse

FALSE. there is not much evidence to prove this

treatment of sarcoids

generally left untreated since surgery to remove is often difficult and should not be done until sarcoid has reached its maximum size(which is almost impossible to know)

what is shock? what causes it inside the body?

shock is acute and progressive failure of peripheral circulation caused by body constricting blood vessels of peripheral system in response to massive blood loss leading to ineffective supply to the heart

what external factors cause shock?

severe trauma massive hemorrhage large infections dehydration

signs of shock

apathy exhaustion subnormal temp pale mucous membrane

below what temp should you become concerned

anything below 98

treatment of shock

-massive replacement of body fluids -control pain -keep the horse warm(too hot though can cause peripheral vessels to dilate)

biggest difference between heat exhaustion and heat stroke

animals with heat stroke dont sweat which makes it more dangerous

what is heat exhaustion

malfunction of the bodies heat regulating mechanism

what causes heat exhaustion

-high environmental temp -high humidity -poor ventilation

what does heat stroke cause

dilation of peripheral blood vessels leading to circulatory collapse

signs of heat exhaustion

rapid breathing muscle tremors lethargic massive sweating high pulse and body temp

treatment of heat exhaustion

-reduce body temp(cold water, fans) -stand horse in ice water or ice boots -fluid replacement -readily available fresh water

what disease is commonly referred to as monday morning sickness? why?

tying up. it is generally caused by forced exercise after a period of rest

what causes tying up

over production of lactic acid

signs of tying up

stiffened gait muscle tremors painful or tense muscles coffee colored urine(bc of myoglobin's in the muscle)

treatment of tying up

-keep horse standing -minimize movement -sedative -muscle relaxer -nutrition(sodium, reduce soluble carbohydrates)

types of colic(6 types)

impaction twisted gut gastric dilation sand gas spasms

what is the most fatal form of colic

twisted gut

what intestinal areas are at biggest risk for impaction colic

ileocecal junction and pelvic flexure

causes of impaction colic

parasites low quality roughage

treatment of impaction colic

nasogastric mineral oils(lubricant) parasympathetic stimulant

what causes twisted gut colic

occurs during initial stages of colic due to rolling and thrashing of the horse

treatment of twisted gut? how quickly does death occur without treatment?

requires surgery cant kill within 24 hours if untreated

what is gastric dilation

stretching of the stomach leading to pylorus being obstructed and can cause the stomach to rupture

what causes gastric dilation

over eating/drinking

treatment of gastric dilation

nasogastric tube(siphon or mineral oil)

what is spasmodic colic also referred to as? what type of horse is it most common in

nervous stomach common in chronically excited or stressed horses

signs of spasmodic colic

-increased gut sounds -intermittent abdominal pain

treatment of spasmodic colic

buscopan or mineral oils

what is sand colic also known as? what is it?

enteritis inflammation of mucous membranes of GIT

what can cause sand colic

drugs bacteria parasites

how does sand colic effect digestion

decreased absorption increased fluid secretion

what is gas colic

gas accumulated in intestines causing distention and abdominal pain

what causes gas colic

-it can be secondary to impaction -highly fermentable feeds

treatment of gas colic

mineral oil and pain relief