metabolic challenges + homeostasis Flashcards
what is homeostasis
regulation of the internal environment, physiological and biological
what detects the changes in homeostasis
body sensors
what controls the response to changes in homeostasis
the brain - hypothalamus - pituitary gland
what is 1% of calcium used for in the body
nerve transmission, muscle contraction, blood clotting, cell division and enzyme + hormones
what happens if blood calcium is low (5 steps)
- stimulation of parathyroid hormone
- activation of cholecalciferol in liver
- formation of hydroxycholecalciferol
- further activation in the kidneys to dihydroxycholecalciferol
- synthesis of Ca-binding protein - act on gut, kidneys + bones to raise blood Ca
what is low blood calcium called
hypocalcaemia
what is the % of Mg in bones
70%
what is Mg needed for in the body
enzyme activity for carbohydrate + lipid metabolism
what happens in Mg deficiency
nervous irritability + convulsions
-> death hypomagnesaemic tetany
when is the highest risk of low blood Mg
in spring
what is the name for fatty liver
hyperlipaemia
what type of animals are more at risk for hyperlipaemia
fat animals, with high levels of lipid in blood
how does hyperlipaemia leads to illness
fat infiltrates organs leading to failure (often the liver)
what is the name for stones in kidney / bladder
urolithiasis
what does urolithiasis cause
- crystals in kidney / bladder
- causes damages / blockages = bladder rupture
- crystals in kidney / bladder
- causes damages / blockages = bladder rupture
which animals are more susceptible to urolithiasis
dogs, cattle and sheep
what are 2 treatments for urolithiasis
- relaxant drugs
- surgery
what are some predisposing factors for diseases
- gender
- diet (high levels of P + Mg, excess proteins)
- infection
- genetics in dogs
- gender
- diet (high levels of P + Mg, excess proteins)
- infection
- genetics in dogs
