Metabolic Bone Disorders

Question 1

Osteoporosis

Answer 1

↓ Bone mineralization> ↓ bone mass & ↑ bone porousness

Imbalance between osteoclasts (bone reabsorption) & osteoblasts (bone formation)

Question 2

Osteoporosis Classified as:

Answer 2

1) Primary (post-menopausal)
2) Secondary
3) Regional

Question 3

Osteoporosis Risk Factors

Answer 3

Estrogen is a major determinant of BMD in both females & males

Androgens (testosterone) are stimulants of bone formation

In aging both hormones decrease> loss of Bone mineral density

Question 4

Primary(post-menopausal) Osteoporosis

Answer 4

Occurs in middle aged & older women

Etiology: estrogen deficiency due to menopause

Question 5

Secondary Osteoporosis

Answer 5

Related to hormonal imbalances

Medications

Question 6

Contributing Factors for Osteoporosis

Answer 6

Decreased calcium intake and lack of vitamin D
Sedentary lifestyle
Low body mass
Family history
Immobility

Question 7

Regional Osteoporosis

Answer 7

Osteoporosis confined to a segment of the appendicular skeleton

Associated with disuse or immobilization

Question 8

Clinical Manifestations Osteoporosis

Answer 8

Bones most often affected are wt bearing ones (vertebrae, femur, pelvis, wrist, hips)

Insidious until deformity or fracture occurs

Deformity is the most common symptom

Pain
Vertebral collapse kyphosis
↓ height

Question 9

Osteomyelitis (Infection of bone)

Answer 9

Bacterial infection of bone causing an intense inflammatory response
Inflammation causes vascular engorgement, edema and abscess formation

Sequestrum occurs if bone is deprived of blood vessels leading to an area of devitalized bone

Question 10

Hematogenous Osteomyelitis

Answer 10

pathogens carried through the bloodstream

Question 11

Contiguous Osteomyelitis

Answer 11

infection spreads to adjacent bone through open fractures, wounds or surgery

Question 12

Osteomyelitis Clinical Manifestations

Answer 12

Fever
Malaise
Anorexia
Weight loss
Pain
Inability to weight bear