Fractures, Strains, Sprains Flashcards
Main Function of bones
- Mechanical: strength and framework
- Metabolic: mineral content of Ca2+/ PO4-/ Na+/ protein
- Hematopoietic: formation of blood cells
MSK Alterations will result in:
Fractures, dislocations, subluxations, strains & sprains
Metabolic disorders: osteoporosis
Infections: osteomyelitis
Joint disorders: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, ankylosing spondylitis
Rhabdomyolysis
Fibromyalgia
Fractures
Break in the continuity of bone
Fractures Classified as:
- Closed (simple)
- Open (compound)
- Complete
- Incomplete
Fracture Types (pathological fracture)
1) caused by a disease process that weakens bone
2) fracture occurs with normal stress on the bone (minimal force)
3) associates w osteoporosis, infections & metabolic bone disorders
Dislocation
- caused by trauma
* Temporary displacement of a bone in a joint with loss of contact of joint surfaces
Subluxation
- caused by trauma
* Contact between joint surfaces is partially lost
Dislocation & Subluxation Patho & Clinical Manifestations
Usually accompanied by fractures due to stress being placed on areas of the bone
Dislocations can affect circulation ischemia & possible permanent disability
Symptoms: pain, swelling, limited ROM & joint deformity
Sprains & Strains
Tendon & ligament injury can occur in fractures & dislocations
Strains
Tearing or stretching in the tendon
Usually occurs in hands, feet, knee, biceps, ankle, heel
Sprain
Tear in the ligament
Most common sites: wrists, elbow, knee, ankle
1st degree (mild) strains/sprains
Fibers are stretched
Muscle or joint remains stable
2nd degree (moderate) strains/sprains
More tearing of tendon or ligament (tearing is incomplete)
Muscle weakness & joint instability
3rd degree (severe) strains/sprains
Inability to contract the muscle leading to joint instability
