Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards > Metabolic and Electrolyte derangements, RTA > Flashcards

Metabolic and Electrolyte derangements, RTA Flashcards

1
Q

Diagnosis: hypernatremia with urine osmolality <100

A

Central DI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diagnosis: hypernatremia with urine osmolality 100-300

A

Nephrogenic DI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Diagnosis: hypernatremia with urine osmolality high (>600) (2)

A

Extrarenal losses and Sodium Gain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Extrarenal losses of hypernatremia (4)

*How does hypernatremia occur in these cases?

A 
Vomiting
Diarrhea
NGT
Insensible losses
**Free water loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with ISOTONIC serum (4)

A

Hyperlipidemia
Hyperproteinemia
Hyperglycemic
Mannitol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Elevated extracellular volume
  • UrineNA >10 (2)
A
  1. Acute Kidney Injury

2. Chronic Renal Failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Elevated extracellular volume
  • UrineNA <10 (3)
A
  1. Cirrhosis
  2. CHF
  3. Nephrotic Syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Normal extracellular volume
  • Urine osmolality <100 mOsm (2)
A
  1. Psychogenic Polydipsia

2. Beer drinkers potomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Normal extracellular volume
  • Urine osmolality >100 mOsm (4)
A
  1. SIADH
  2. Drugs
  3. Hypothyroidism
  4. Glucocorticoid deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Low extracellular volume
  • Urine sodium >10 (4)
  • *The last answer has two parts
A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Urinary obstruction
  3. Adrenal insufficiency
  4. Bicarbonaturia (RTA or metabolic alkalosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

`Diagnosis: Hyponatremia with HYPOTONIC (<280 meq)

  • Low extracellular volume
  • Urine sodium <10 (3)
A
  1. GI losses –diarrhea, vomiting, NG suction
  2. Skin losses
  3. Third spacing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis (5)

All under the umbrella of what? (1)

A 
Hypoventilation:
Airway obstruction
Acute lung disease
Chronic lung disease
Opioids, narcotics, sedatives
Weakening of respiratory muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of INCREASED anion gap acidosis with respiratory compensation

A 
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron tablets, INH
Lactic Acidosis
Ethylene glycol
Salicylates (late)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Causes of NORMAL anion gap acidosis (4) with respiratory compensation

A

Diarrhea
Glue Sniffing
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Hyperchloremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of Respiratory alkalosis (2)

A 
Hyperventilation (anxiety, early high-altitude exposure)
Aspirin ingestion (early)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Causes of metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation

A

Chloride sensitive and insensitive

17
Q

Chloride sensitive metabolic alkalosis

A

Vomiting

Diuretic use

18
Q

Chloride INSENSITIVE metabolic alkalosis

A

Hyperaldosteronism

19
Q

Defect with Type 1 RTA

A

H+ secretion

20
Q

Serum K+ with Type 1 RTA

A

Low

21
Q

Urinary pH with Type 1 RTA

A

pH > 5.3

22
Q

Etiologies with Type 1 RTA (3)

A
  1. Autoimmune conditions
  2. Hypercalciuria
  3. Ifosfamide
23
Q

Treatment with Type 1 RTA

A

Replace Bicarb

24
Q

Complications with Type 1 RTA

A

Nephrolithiasis

25
Q

Defect with Type II RTA

A

HCO3- reabsorption

26
Q

Serum K+ with Type II RTA

A

Low

27
Q

Urinary pH with Type II RTA

A

5.3 initially and becomes <5.3 over time

28
Q

Etiologies with Type II RTA (3)

A
  1. Multiple myeloma
  2. Amyloidosis
  3. Fanconi syndrome
29
Q

Treatment with Type II RTA

A

Thiazides

Volume depletion to increase reabsorption of bicarbonate

30
Q

Complications with Type II RTA

A

Rickets

Osteomalacia

31
Q

Defect with Type IV RTA

A

Aldosterone deficiency or resistance

32
Q

Serum K+ with Type IV RTA

A

HIGH

33
Q

Urinary pH with Type IV RTA

A

pH < 5.3

34
Q

Etiologies of Type IV RTA (3)

A
  1. Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism
  2. Angiotensin II inhibition (ACEIs/ARBs)
  3. Heparin
35
Q

Treatment for Type IV RTA (2)

A
  1. Lasix

2. Mineralcorticoid replacement

Boards (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions