Meta Theories (Development)

Question 1

General Systems Theory

Answer 1

emphasizes the impact of environment on individuals via social systems.

Question 2

What does the model do for general systems theory?

Answer 2

Is about the dynamic interaction of the components of the model such as that a change in any part of the system affects the rest of the system but doesn’t determine the whole system.

Question 3

What are the two system concepts in general systems theory?

Answer 3

Homeostasis and feedback

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

maintenance of normal internal stability (steady state)

Question 5

Feedback

Answer 5

when output from a system is put back into a system

When someone is told something from an outside lense.

Question 6

Ecological Theory

Answer 6

(life model) focuses on inter-relatedness between people and the environment.

Question 7

What are the four ecological concepts?

Answer 7

adaptedness, stress, coping, and habitat

Question 8

adaptedness

Answer 8

goodness of a fit with the environment

Question 9

Who created psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud

Question 10

What is psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 10

That the functioning of the mind is not random; all thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are related to prior experiences and events.

Question 11

tripartite psychic structure

Answer 11

(id, ego, and superego) which guides functioning

Question 12

Id

Answer 12

seat of the primitive drives and instinctual needs (physical)

Question 13

Ego

Answer 13

meditator between id and superego; between internal and external reality

Question 14

Superego

Answer 14

seat of conscience (mental)

Question 15

Reality Testing

Answer 15

accurate perception of external environment and internal world

Question 16

Judgement

Answer 16

capacity to act appropriately (depends on accurate perception and evaluation of a given circumstance)

Question 17

Regulation and Control of Impulses, Drives, and Affects

Answer 17

Ability to modulate, delay, inhibit, or control expression in accord with reality; ability to tolerate intense, unpleasant emotions without becoming overwhelmed

Question 18

Object Relations

Answer 18

suggesting instead that humans are primarily motivated by the need for contact with others—the need to form relationships.

Question 19

Thought Processes

Answer 19

Capacity to perceive, concentrate, anticipate, symbolize, remember, and reason; thinking is organized, logical, and oriented to reality

Question 20

Defense Functions

Answer 20

Unconscious internal mechanisms to protect from extreme anxiety white fostering optimal functioning

Question 21

Synthetic Integrative Functioning

Answer 21

part of superego, binds and fits all parts of the personality into structure that can act in the external world.

Question 22

Who created Separation- Individual Theory?

Answer 22

Margaret Mahler

Question 23

separation-individual theory

Answer 23

the focus on development of a consolidation sense of “self” as the result of separation and individuation of the self from the love object.

Separation refers to the development of limits, the differentiation between the infant and the mother, whereas individuation refers to the development of the infant’s ego, sense of identity, and cognitive abilities.

Question 24

who created cognitive development theory?

Answer 24

jean piaget

Question 25

cognitive development theory

Answer 25

The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come to acquire, construct, and use it.

Question 26

intelligence

Answer 26

activity of coping with environment, the maximum adaptive capacity provides structure of intelligence

Question 27

schemata

Answer 27

action sequences and behavior patterns

Question 28

assimilation

Answer 28

process that manages how we take in new information and incorporate that new information into our existing knowledge

Question 29

accommodation

Answer 29

the tendency of an organism to adapt to the events of the environment

Question 30

equilibrium

Answer 30

refers to a state of balance between an individual’s mental schemata, or frameworks, and his or her environment.

Question 31

who created moral development theory?

Answer 31

lawerence kohlberg

Question 32

moral development theory

Answer 32

a development theory of moral reasoning that parallels cognitive development in that the child cannot achieve higher levels of moral reasoning until achieving higher levels of cognitive reasoning

Question 33

what are the three stages of moral development theory?

Answer 33

pre-conventional, conventional, and post- conventional

Question 34

pre-conventional

Answer 34

moral reasoning based on avoiding punishment and to serve one’s own needs, “right” is relative to that moment

Question 35

conventional

Answer 35

moral reasoning based on the need to look good in one’s own eyes and the eyes of others; maintain social system, shared social perspective

Question 36

post-conventional

Answer 36

belief in greater moral principles and a sense of personal commitment to doing what is right because it is right, regardless of individual needs

Question 37

stages of death and dying

Answer 37

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance

Question 38

bargaining

Answer 38

the if on;y’s that cause the individual to find fault in him/herself and what s/he thinks s/he could have done differently