meta - ethics

Question 1

what is realisum

Answer 1

Realism is the concept that morlaity is set fact and there are objective , factual moral rights / wrongs

Question 2

what is anti-relisum

Answer 2

Anti-realisum is the concept that there is no set right or wrong and morality is more subjective

Question 3

what is a cognative approach to ethics

Answer 3

this is the idea that a moral statment is truth- apt (capable of being either true or false)

Question 4

what is a non-cognavist approach to ethics

Answer 4

the idea that a moral statement can be neither true nor false - non truth-apt

Question 5

what are the different theories that take a cognative and realist approach to ethics

Answer 5

-naturalisum
-inuitionisum

Question 6

what is the approach to ethics that is non-cogantive and anti-relaist

Answer 6

emotavisum

Question 7

would divine command theory be realist or anti-relaist

Answer 7

realist - believes that moral fact comes from God

Question 8

what is naturalisum

Answer 8

the key idea of naturalisum is that there are natural moral facts.

Question 9

what scholoars supported naturalisum

Answer 9

-john stewart Mill and Aristotle

Question 10

why was John Stewart Mill a naturalist

Answer 10

Within J.S Mills utilitarian approach Mill claimed that the idea of good is equal to feelings of pleasure. Pleasure is a natural fact and so therefore good is also a natural fact

Question 11

why was Aristotle a naturalist

Answer 11

in Aristotles views good is equal to eudiamonia (human flurashing ) which is atchived through having different characteristics- so good is a ntural thing

Question 12

what is the naturalistic fallacy

Answer 12

the naturalistic fallacy is a critisium of naturalisum

Question 13

who proposed the naturalistic fallacy

Answer 13

G.E Moore

Question 14

what does the naturalistic fallacy talk about

Answer 14

Moore critises naturalisum as naturalists attempt to define the concept of “good” when infact good cannot be defined. Moore believes that only conplex things can be defined, where as simple things are much harder to define. For example defining yellow is hard. So good - cannot be so easily defined

Question 15

what is Mackies arguement from disagreement

Answer 15

Mackie suggests that because differnt cultures and different people have such varing moral beleifs this shows that there can be no realist moralfact otherwise we would all agree 100% of the time.

Question 16

what is intuitionisum

Answer 16

Intuitionsium states that through using once intuition one can deduct objective moral rights and wrongs.
so in the same way that one can infer danger when looking off a cliff, one can equally infer moral rights or wrongs when faced witha n ethical dylema

Question 17

what did Moore argue for intuitionisum

Answer 17

Moore argued that good is self evident and is percieved by us - we use out intuition to view good (Moore agreeed with intuitionisum)

Question 18

what did W.D Ross argue for intuitionisum

Answer 18

Ross argued that intuition is descoerving the morally relavent thing. So upon examinining a ethical dylema one would then use intutition to find an apropriate moral rule.

Question 19

what was j.l makies arguement against intutitionisum

Answer 19

makie said if intutitionisum were true would there not be alot more worldly agreement on moral issues (very similar to the agruement from disagreement )

Question 20

what is g.j Warnocks critisium of inutitionisum

Answer 20

Warnock states that intuitionisum is too vage, too vage to deduct any sort of moral guide so it is useless

Question 21

what did David HUme distinguish as the difference between is/ought statments

Answer 21

is statements are factual based on reason

where as ought statments are none factual and based upon passion

an ought statment should not come from an is statemtns

Question 22

what is emotivisum

Answer 22

emotivisum is anti-relaist and non-cognative - Proposed by A.J Ayer, emotivisum states that moral statments are just expressions of emotion

Question 23

what are the strengths of divine command theory

Answer 23

-concept of heaven provides a reward for moral behaviour
-clear cut, absolute rules
-makes sence to religious believers