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Ethics > Meta Ethics > Flashcards

Meta Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

What is Meta Ethics a study of

A

A study of the meaning and justification of moral ideas

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2
Q

What does Normative Ethics refer to

A

Normative ethics refer to how humans should live

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3
Q

Define Intuitionism

A

We just know what is good

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4
Q

Define Naturalism

A

Good is a natural fact

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5
Q

Define Emotivism

A

Ethical terms are expressions of emotion and are meaningless

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6
Q

Who are the four key Naturalist philosophers

A

Plato, Bentham, Mill & Epicrius

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7
Q

What Naturalist approach supports the Naturalist view

A

Plato’s Form of the Good

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8
Q

What example look looks at bad pleasures not bad good

A

Aristotle’s Categories of Good

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9
Q

What example suggests ‘just because we can it doesn’t mean its right’

A

Hume’s Is/Ought Problem

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10
Q

What is an example of Hume’s Is/Ought Problem

A

Reproduction (Just because man and women can reproduce does no mean they ‘ought to’)

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11
Q

What is an Intuitionist example given by Moore

A

There is no definition of the colour yellow, but we all know what it is

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12
Q

Who agreed with Moore’s Yellow theory

A

Ross and Pritchard agreed with this theory

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13
Q

Which philosopher said our minds are not neutral observers of the world

A

Brentano

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14
Q

Who said ‘our minds are ordered correctly they cannot be subjective’

A

Moore

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15
Q

Who are the three key Emotivist philosophers

A

Ayer, Stevenson and Barnes

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16
Q

What was Barnes’ Emotivist theory

A

Barnes’ Killing Boo Theory

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17
Q

Which philosopher said humans need ethics

A

Wijolta

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18
Q

Which philosopher created the Naturalistic Fallacy

A

G.E Moore

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19
Q

What does Naturalism argue about ‘goodness’

A

Naturalism argues that there is something factual about ‘goodness’

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20
Q

Which group of philosophers believe pleasure is the only good

A

Hedonists

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21
Q

What does Ayer say about ethical judgements

A

Ethical judgements have no factual content therefore people cannot have arguments about what is right and what is wrong

22
Q

Define Consensia

A

A moral judgement on right and wrong

22
Q

What did Aquinas say our conscience is made up of

A

Our conscience is made up of our consensia and syndresis

23
Q

Define Syndresis

A

Being directed towards good and away from evil

24
Q

What does Aquinas state human mistakes are made by

A

Our fallible consensia

25
Q

What does Aristotle state human mistakes are made by

A

He suggests that mistakes are done due to people being ignorant

26
Q

What two types of ignorance does Aristotle state

A

Vincible & Invincible

27
Q

Define Vincible Ignorance

A

Common sense

28
Q

Define Invincible Ignorance

A

We don’t have full knowledge on certain situations

29
Q

What did Freud suggest our conscience is made up of

A

Id, Ego & Superego

30
Q

Define Id

A

Our basic drive

31
Q

Define Ego

A

More central to reality

32
Q

Define Superego

A

How we behave rationally

33
Q

What did Freud believe about God and faith

A

Freud believed that God and faith has no place within our reality

34
Q

What did Tillich say about religious language

A

Tillich says religious language evokes much more than general language

35
Q

If something is morally objective, what else is it

A

If morality is objective, it is cognitive

36
Q

What does Cognitive Language deal with

A

Cognitive language deals with making propositions about things that can be known and so can be held to be true or false

37
Q

If something is subjective, what else is it

A

If it is subjective, it is non-cognitive which deals with matters that are not established by ‘true or false’

38
Q

What are the four main problems with Intuitionism

A

People who intuit and those who use reason may reach different conclusions and there is no way to resolve these differences

How can we be sure our intuitions are correct?

Intuition can be considered a meaningless concept since it is non-verifiable

Hume argued that we have motivation for acting in certain ways although intuitionists argue that we have an innate desire to do things beyond reason

39
Q

Define Objective

A

Claims that refer to external facts or values

40
Q

Define Subjective

A

Claims that are based on personal preference

41
Q

What did Russell say about ‘good’

A

It is A Priori

42
Q

Explain the Killing-Boo Theory

A

If someone shouts ‘boo!’ because they don’t like something, he is offering nothing to discuss

A yelp of dislike is not an argument that we can debate

43
Q

What does Michael-John Turp ask about moral truths

A

Michael-John Turp asked if anyone has the authority to establish moral truths

44
Q

What did Mel Thompson say about Barnes’ Killing-Boo Theory

A

“You cannot reduce good and bad to boos and cheers”

45
Q

Who created The Principle of Generic Consistency

A

Gewirth

46
Q

What does Gewirth say about The Principle of Generic Consistency

A

Mutual dependence creates a world of rights - we must treat others as we wish to be treated

47
Q

Define Moral Antirealism

A

The belief that moral proportions don’t refer to objective features of the world at all - that there are no moral facts

48
Q

Define Moral Absolutism

A

There are absolute standards against which moral questions can be judged

49
Q

Define Moral Relativism

A

More than one moral position on a given topic can be correct

50
Q

Define Cultural Relativism

A

People’s moral beliefs differ from culture to culture

51
Q

Define Relativism

A

There are circumstances where something can be right and other times when it can be wrong

Ethics (9 decks)

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