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Recurrent A330 > Met & W/S > Flashcards

Met & W/S Flashcards

1
Q

A boundary that separates two air masses of air of different densities.

A

Weather Front

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2
Q

What are the four types of weather fronts?

A

Cold fronts
Warm fronts
Stationary fronts
Occluded fronts

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3
Q

In this front the cloud development takes place because of the frontal lifting of warm moist air.

A

Warm front

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4
Q

The surface location of this front is marked with red line of semicircles pointing in the direction of travel.

A

Warm front

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5
Q

In this front the cloud development is in the ‘Frontal Zone’ which is the transition zone between the two air masses.

A

Cold front

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6
Q

Associated with low pressure areas.

A

Cold fronts

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7
Q

Associated with high pressure areas.

A

Warm fronts

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8
Q

The surface position of this front is marked with a symbol of a blue line of triangular-shaped pips pointing in the direction of travel; they are placed at the leading edge of the cooler air mass.

A

Cold front

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9
Q

Associated with cumulonimbus clouds.

A

Cold front

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10
Q

Associated with nimbustratus, stratus, altostratus, cirrostratus, or cirrus clouds

A

Warm front

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11
Q

They generally move from west to east.

A

Cold front

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12
Q

They move in the direction of the poles.

A

Warm fronts

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13
Q

True or false. Cold fronts produce sharper changes in weather and move up twice as quickly as warm fronts, because cold air is denser than warm air and rapidly replaces warm air preceding the boundary.

A

True

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14
Q

True or false. A warm front moves more slowly than cold front. This is because cold air is denser and harder to remove from the Earth’s surface. This also forces temperature differences across warm fronts to be broader in scale.

A

True.

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15
Q 
All weather takes place in:
(A)  Tropopause
(B)  Mesosphere
(C)  Ionosphere
(D)  Troposphere
(E)  Stratosphere
A

(D) Troposhere

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16
Q

The boundary between the Troposphere and the Stratosphere.

A

Tropopause

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17
Q

True or False. Generally, clouds are not found above the Tropopause.

A

True

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18
Q

The boundary between two air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other. The front remains stationary and cold and warm air masses move parallel to each other.

A

Stationary front

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19
Q

It forms when a warm air mass gets caught between two cold air masses.

A

Occluded front

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20
Q

It is the sudden change in direction or speed, or both, of wind over a relatively short distance and can occur anywhere in the atmosphere.

A

Windshear

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21
Q

The main effects of windshear are:
(A) Turbulence
(B) Violent air movement, up- or down-draughts or swirling or rotating air patterns
(C) A sudden increase or decrease of airspeed
(D) A sudden increase or decrease of groundspeed.
(E) All of the above.

A

(E) All of the above

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22
Q

True ofr False. Windshear can be broken down into vertical and horizontal components. The vertical windshear is typically experienced near the surface while the horizontal windshear is experience across fronts and near the coast.

A

True

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23
Q

It is a radial-outflow of cold air from cumulonimbus clouds and warm air inflow causing gust fronts called microburst or microburst, depending on size.

A

Downburst

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24
Q

A downburst:

(A) is created by an area of significantly rain-cooled air.
(B) spreads out in all directions outwards and produces strong winds.
(C) None of the above.
(D) Both A and B.

A

(D) Both A and B.

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25
Q

They are fast flowing, narrow air currents, and flow from west to east.

A

Jet streams.

26
Q

A phenomenon associated with jet streams, caused by vertical and horizontal windshear connected to jet streams.

A

Clear-Air-Turbulence (CAT)

27
Q

This thunderstorms is less severe than frontal thunderstorm but they still capable of producing downbursts, brief heavy rain, and hail in extreme cases and always accompanied by lightning and thunderstorm.

A

Airmass thunderstorm

28
Q

Air-mass thunderstorms have a distinct lifecycle of three stages. What are they?

A

Cumulus stage, mature stage and dissipating.

29
Q

True or False. The main threats of thunderstorms are hail, severe wind gusts, and lightning.

A

True

30
Q

In a ____________, air moves in a downward motion until it hits the ground level. It then spreads outward in all directions.

A

Microbursts

31
Q

It is a very localized column of sinking air that produces damaging divergent straight-line winds at the surface. It often has high winds that can knock over fully grown trees. It’s duration ranges from a couple of seconds to several minutes.

A

Microburst

32
Q

It is a random, chaotic motion of air, which is caused by changes in air currents. From inside the airplane, its effect can be experienced as a minor bumpiness to powerful jolts that can structurally damage the airplane and injure its passengers.

A

Turbulence

33
Q

They a combination of low-speed and high-speed air streams. On windy occasions, such as the approach of tropical cyclones, air streams of high wind speed may emerge from mountain gaps. Lying between these high speed air streams are air streams of lower speed.

A

Mountain waves

34
Q

The highest altitude of the visible portion of the cloud.

A

Cloud tops

35
Q

Occurs under clear, calm skies when infrared radiation, that is, heat, escapes the to upper atmosphere and outer space and the air is cooled to its dew point. It is sometimes called valley fog or ground fog and is most common fog over land in the world.

(A)  Radiation fog
(B)  Advection fog
(C)  Steam fog
(D)  Upslope fog
(E)  Frontal fog
A

(A) Radiation fog

36
Q

Occurs when warm, humid air is cooled to its dew point by coming into contact with a cooler surface below. Snow, ice and cold water are common surfaces that cause it.

(A)  Radiation fog
(B)  Advection fog
(C)  Steam fog
(D)  Upslope fog
(E)  Frontal fog
A

(B) Advection fog

37
Q

Occurs when cooler air rests above warmer water and the vapor that evaporates into the air cools to its dew point. Sometimes it is called Arctic Sea Smoke.

(A)  Radiation fog
(B)  Advection fog
(C)  Steam fog
(D)  Upslope fog
(E)  Frontal fog
A

(C) Steam fog

38
Q

Occurs when air is forced to rise up a large slope and cools (adiabatically) to its dew point. It is common in mountainous states.

(A)  Radiation fog
(B)  Advection fog
(C)  Steam fog
(D)  Upslope fog
(E)  Frontal fog
A

(D) Upslope fog

39
Q

Also know as precipitation fog, occurs when rain drops fall into unsaturated, cooler air below. As the drops evaporate, water vapor is introduced into the cooler air. Very quickly, the vapor condenses into small fog droplet.

(A)  Radiation fog
(B)  Advection fog
(C)  Steam fog
(D)  Upslope fog
(E)  Frontal fog
A

(E) Frontal fog

40
Q

A type of stratus cloud; however, its term is typically distinguished from the more generic term ‘cloud’ in that it is low-lying. It is distinguished from mist only by its density, as expressed in the resulting decrease in visibility: It reduces visibility to less done one kilometer whereas mist reduces visibility to no less than one kilometer.

A

Fog

41
Q

Any wind that has a perpendicular component to the line or direction of travel.

A

Crosswind

42
Q

A large-scale downward movement of air in the lee of large object, mountains, etc.

A

Downdraught

43
Q

Weather hazards associated with it are large cumulonimbus clouds, thunderstorms, and heavy showers.

A

ITCZ

44
Q

Also known by the sailors as the doldrums, is the area encircling the earth near the equator where the northeast and the southeast winds come together.

A

ITCZ

45
Q

It is formed by vertical motion largely appearing as convective activity of thunderstorms driven by solar heating.

A

ITCZ

46
Q

Large sandstorms created by northwesterly wind mainly associated with the Middle East and Asia. They are often strong during the day, but their speed decreases at night. This weather might occur once to several times a year, mostly in summer but sometimes in winter.

A

Shamal winds.

47
Q

Upward flowing air currents causing a cloud to form. It involves rising air.

A

Convection (moist).

It usually refers to moist convection where rising air parcels condense to form clouds. However, convection can also be dry, as in over a desert on sunny days.

48
Q

Severe frontal thunderstorms are associated with weather systems such as fronts and converging winds.

A

True.

49
Q

In a wet microburst, the atmosphere is warm and humid in the lower levels and dry aloft. Consequently, when thunderstorms develop, heavy rain evaporates in the drier air aloft. As a result the air aloft is cooled thereby causing it to sink and spread out rapidly as it hits the ground. The result can be both strong damaging winds and heavy rainfall occurring the same area.

A

True

50
Q

A type of microburst that can be identified visually by such features as a shelf cloud while on radar they sometimes produce bow echoes.

A

Wet microburst

51
Q

In this kind of microburst, the atmosphere is warm but dry in the lower levels and moist aloft. Consequently, when showers and thunderstorms develop, most the rain evaporates before reaching the ground causing a condition called VIRGA.

A

Dry microburst

52
Q

One may fly in Virga conditions below 1,000 feet.

A

False

53
Q

Both wet and dry microburst can be symmetric and asymmetric. In an asymmetric microburst, it is stronger on the one side, that is, the column of the downdraft from an asymmetric microburst can hit the ground in an angle, rather vertically downward as is the case in a symmetric downburst

A

True

54
Q

A series of horizontal microbursts that are formed and get imbedded into each other near the ground.

A

Vortices

55
Q

True or False. In a microburst, the sudden outflow of horizontal winds above the ground might extend to a few kilometers.

A

True

56
Q

A airplane flying through a symmetrical microburst may:

(A) first encounter an downdraft and sink, then an updraft from below the airplane, followed by an increasing headwind and lift.

(B) first encounter an increasing headwind and sink, then a downdraft from above the airplane, followed by an increasing tailwind.

(C) first encounter an increasing headwind and lift, the a downdraft from above the airplane, followed by an increasing tailwind and sink.

A

(C) first encounter an increasing headwind and lift, the a downdraft from above the airplane, followed by an increasing tailwind and sink.

57
Q

Fast flowing, narrow air currents.

A

Jet stream

58
Q

True or False. The major jet streams on Earth are westerly winds that flow from west to east. The strongest jet streams are the polar jets

A

True

59
Q

True or False. Polar jets are the strongest jet streams located 23,000 feet to 39,000 feet above sea level.

A

True

60
Q

True or False. Weaker and higher subtropical jets are located at 33,000 feet to 52,000 feet above sea level.

A

True

61
Q

Which of the following statements is true concerning windshear?

(A) Windshear can occur suddenly, without prior signs or warning.
(B) If windshear is encountered, the time for corrective action is limited.
(C) If windshear is suspected or is detected by the PWS, to delay the takeoff.
(D) If the windshear is detected by the RWS during takeoff or approach, recover with maximum thrust and follow Flight Director guidance.
(E) All the above statements are true.

A

E

62
Q

It issues alerts for possible windshear and/or turbulence occurring within 3 nautical miles of the runway thresholds.

A

Windshear & Turbulence Warning System (WTWS)

Recurrent A330 (16 decks)

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