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Meteorology > Met Terminology > Flashcards

Met Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Who provides Meteorological services for aviation in Australia?

A

Bureau of Meteorology (BoM)

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2
Q

What are the three main categories of meteorological information provided by BoM?

A
  1. Forecasts
  2. Warnings
  3. Observations
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3
Q

What are the main examples of forecasts?

A
  1. TAF - Terminal Aerodrome Forecast
  2. Area QNH
  3. GAF - Graphical Area Forecast
  4. SIGWX - Significant Weather
  5. GPWT - Grid Point Wind and Temperature
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4
Q

What are the main examples of warnings provided by BoM?

A
  1. SIGMET - Significant meteorological information. A description of an occurrence (or expected occurrence) in a specific area of some phenomena which may affect aircraft operations)
  2. AIRMET - Airman’s meteorological information. § Contains info concerning weather that is significant to aircraft operations at or below 10,000ft (not contained in a valid GAF).
  3. Aerodrome Warnings - Issued for protection of parked aircraft
  4. Wind Shear Warnings - Reported by pilots and ATC
  5. Volcanic Ash Clouds - Advisory issued by BoM in NOTAM and SIGMET
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5
Q

What are the main examples of observations/reports that are provided by the BoM?

A
  1. METAR
  2. SPECI
  3. Aerological Diagrams
  4. AWIS - Aerodrome Weather Information Service
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6
Q

How often are TAFs issued? What is usual validity period? What distance do they apply to? What height do they use?

A
  • Every 6 hours.
  • Valid for 12, 18, 24 hours depending on the category of the airport
  • Apply to an area within a radius of approx 5nm of the Aerodrome Reference Point (ARP)
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7
Q

What is a TAF3?

A

There is a relatively high degree of confidence that the forecast will be correct for the first 3 hours after the forecast has been released.

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8
Q

How often are military TAF3s issued?

A

Every hour.

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9
Q

What altitudes are GAF forecasts designed to meet the needs of pilots?

A

Under 10,000 ft AMSL

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10
Q

How many regions does the GAF divide Australia into?

A

10

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11
Q

When is a GAF issued and at what times?

A
  • Every 6 hours at 2300Z, 0500Z, 1100Z, 1700Z
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12
Q

Which is more significant, a SIGMET or an AIRMET?

A

SIGMET

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13
Q

What is a METAR?

A
  • Routine reports issued at fixed times, either half-hourly or hourly.
  • Also may be made on request
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14
Q

What is a SPECI?

A
  • Aerodrome report that is issued whenever conditions occur that may be significant to aviation (either a deterioration or improvement)
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15
Q

What are Automatic Meteorological Broadcasts?

A

Automated weather reports that are available for aircraft in flight using discrete frequencies.

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16
Q

What are Automatic En Route Information Service (AERIS)?

A
  • AERIS continuously broadcasts METAR/SPECI and TTF information from a network of VHF transmitters located around Australia.
17
Q

What is a VOLMET?

A

Broadcasts weather information for a designated group of international aerodromes depending on the HF frequency tuned.

18
Q

What is an AWIS?

A
  • Aerodrome Weather Information Service
  • The AWIS broadcasts weather information for a specific location, either on request via VHF or by telephone.
  • Information is received from an Automatic Weather Stations
19
Q

What is the WATIR?

A
  • Weather and Terminal Information Receiver

- Combines information from AWS and airport operator combined

20
Q

What are the 5 cloud okta expressions?

A 
SKC = No clouds
FEW = 1 - 2 oktas 
SCT = 3 - 4 oktas
BKN = 5 - 7 oktas
OVC = 8 oktas
21
Q

In non aerodrome type forecasts, how are Cumulonimbus and Towering Cumulus expressed as?

A
  • ISOL = Isolated, Individual CB and/or TCU over an area with maximum spatial coverage of up to 50%
  • OCNL = Occasional, well separated CBs and/or TCU over an area with spatial coverage of 50-75%
  • FRQ = Frequent, CBs and/or TCUs with little or no separation over an area with spatial coverage greater than 75%
22
Q

What are the 4 lower level clouds?

A
  1. Stratus (St)
  2. Stratocumulus (Sc)
  3. Altostratus (As)
  4. Nimbostratus (Ns)
23
Q

What are the 3 middle level clouds?

A
  1. Cumulus (Cu)
  2. Cumulonimbus (Cb)
  3. Altocumulus (Ac)
24
Q

What are the 3 higher level clouds?

A
  1. Cirrus (Ci)
  2. Cirrocumulus (Cc)
  3. Cirrostratus (Cs)

Meteorology (24 decks)

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