MET PBL 8 Flashcards
what does the lower urinary tract contain
ureters bladder urethra internal sphincters external sphincters
what muscle are the structures of the lower urinary tract made out of
smooth muscle expect the external urethral sphincter which is striated
describe the pathway of the ureters
- They pass over the pelvic brim at the bifurcation of the common iliac artery.
- Curves medially into the iliac spines and enter the bladder at posterosuperior angles
what is the purpose of the angle that the ureters enter the bladder
o Rising pressures during micronutrition closes these orifices to prevent reflex.
what propels urine into the bladder
peristalsis
describe the trilayered wall of the ureters
o Transitional epithelial mucosa.
o Smooth muscle muscularis.
o Fibrous connective tissue adventitia.
what is the nerve supply of the ureteres
• Visceral afferents enter at spinal levels T11-L1/L2.
describe how the ureter nerve supply changes
• Pain (Ureter/Kidney Stones)
o Referred along ilioinguinal and Iliohypogastric nerves (L1).
As stone descends patient may start to feel pain over groin.
Because of changing nerve segments (pain referred to genitofemoral (L1/L2).
where does the bladder lie
Lies retroperitoneally on the pelvic floor (posterior to pubic symphysis
how is the bladder connected to the umbilicus
median umbilicus via the median umbilical ligament
what is the trigone in the bladder
smooth muscle between the ureters and urethra
what is the name of the muscle in the bladder
detrusor
describe the histological make up of the bladder
Detrusor
• Muscular wall of the bladder.
o Empty: mucosa is thrown into folds.
• Transitional epithelium (cuboidal to columnar).
o Dome/umbrella cells that maintain impermeability to epithelium.
what does the stress relaxation compliance property of the bladder allow
Stress-Relaxation/Compliance Property: enables detrusor to expand when filling (without consequent rise in intra-vesicular pressure
what do the urethras do
drain urine that is in the bladder
describe the female urethra
Females:
- urethra tightly bound to anterior vaginal wall.
- A lot shorter: more risk of UTI. Females,
- no IUS.
describe the male urethra
- Intramural: (pre-prostatic).
- Prostatic: contains ejaculatory ducts
- Intermediate: penetrates perineal membrane (surrounded by EUS)
- Spongy: final part of the corpus spongiosum of penis.
where does the prostate gland lie
- lies just beneath the bladder
- adjacent to the rectal wall
- partially surrounds the top of the urethra