Met Flashcards
What gasses are the atmosphere made up of?
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Trace gasses (CO2, Neon, Helium, methane etc)
What are the variable constituents in the atmosphere?
Solids (dust, salt, volcanic ash) Liquids - Water Droplets Gases - Water vapour and other gasses
How does Carbon Dioxide affect the atmosphere?
Although the quantity is relatively low, it contributes to temperature control by absorbing heat in certain long radiation wavebands.
What effect does Oxygen have on the atmosphere?
Oxygen dissociates from the molecular form (O2) to the atomic form (O) under the influence of short wave solar radiation. Some re-combination of O and O2 takes place to form Ozone (O3), which absorbs more short wave radiation. These processes combine to produce relatively warm layers in the higher parts of the atmosphere.
Water appears in what 5 forms in the atmosphere?
Fog Mist Cloud Ice Precipitation
What effect do solid particles have on the atmosphere?
Solid Particles promote the formation of water droplets by providing condensation nuclei. Large quantities can reduce visibility (eg sand storms or smoke haze)
Label the image of the layers of the atmosphere.
Where is all of the atmospheric water, and therefore weather, located?
Troposphere
How do the following get affected by an increase in height in the troposphere?
Temperature
Pressure
They all decrease with an increase in height
How are the following affected by an increase in height in the stratosphere?
Temperature
Pressure
Temperature increases (inversion)
Pressure decreases
In which season is the Tropopause highest?
Summer
At what rate does pressure decrease with height near the ground?
1 hPa per 30 ft
At what rate does pressure decrease with height at 20 000 ft and above?
1 hPa per 50 ft
An increase in temperature causes what change to the density?
Increase in temperature causes a decrease in density
An increase in pressure has what effect on density?
An increase in pressure is related to an increase in density
What is the ideal gas equation?
ρ=p/RT
Where ρ is density, p is pressure, R is the Gas constant, and T is the absolute Temperature
What does the image depict, and what will this measure?
Aneroid Barometer
Pressure measurement
What is the ICAO average state of the atmosphere called?
International Standard Atmosphere (ISA)
What is the ISA Sea Level Pressure?
1013.2 hPa
What is the ISA Sea-Level Temperature?
15°C
What is the ISA height of the Tropopause?
36 090 ft
What is the ISA Temperature at the Tropopause?
-56.5°C
What is the ISA Sea-Level Density?
1.225 kg/m³
What is the ISA temperature lapse rate in the Troposphere?
1.98°C per 1000 ft
What is the ISA Temperature of the Tropopause?
-56.5°C
How much (as a percentage) of the solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth?
70%
What is the intensity of incoming solar radiation on an object, measured as the solar input on a horizontal surface?
Insolation
What 5 factors affect insolation?
Earth/Sun distance in the elliptical orbit
Seasonal variations
Latitude
Time of day
Atmospheric conditions
Describe convection.
When fluid particles are heated, their density decreases, and therefore the heated particles rise above the cooler particles. This transfers heat through the fluid by causing the particles to move in a convection current.
What is the measure of water vapour (moisture) in the air, regardless of temperature. expressed as grams of moisture per cubic meter of air (g/m³)?
Absolute Humidity.