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A+ 220-801, 220-802 Q&A > Messer 801 Notes > Flashcards

Messer 801 Notes Flashcards

1
Q

BIOS

A

Basic Input/Output System

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2
Q

What is the BIOS?

A

A computer’s firmware (software) that facilitates the communication between the computer’s hardware and Operating System

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3
Q

What can you do with the BIOS?

A

Configure boot order
Enable/Disable system components
Enable/Disable system features (e.g., system password)
Edit hardware settings

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4
Q

Where are the BIOS settings stored?

A

On the CMOS chip

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5
Q

CMOS

A

Complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor

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6
Q

How is the CMOS configuration maintained?

A

With a battery on the motherboard. This battery maintains the integrity of the data should the computer lose power.

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7
Q

What are the main types of motherboard form factors?

A

ATX
microATX
ITX form-factor

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8
Q

ATX

A

Advanced Technology extended;

Standardized by Intel in 1995

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9
Q

microATX

A

Small form factor

Backward compatibility with similar mounting points and power connections as a full-size ATX motherboard

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10
Q

ITX form factor

A

Mini-ITX. Pico-ITX, Nano-ITX, Mobile-ITX

Various small form factor sizes

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11
Q

PCI

A

Peripheral Component Interconnect
Legacy expansion slot
Speeds: 133 MB/s to 533 MB/s

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12
Q

PCI-X

A

PCI Extended
Designed for servers
1,064 MB/s throughput

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13
Q

PCIe

A

PCI Express
Serial communication - 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x, 16x, 32x lanes
High performance for devices like high-end graphics adapters
Speeds from 250 MB/s to 2 GB/s

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14
Q

AGP

A 
Accelerated Graphics Port
Covers the gap between PCI and PCIe
AGP 1x - 266 MB/s
AGP 2x - 522 MB/s
AGP 4x - 1.07 GB/s
AGP 8x - 2.1 GB/s
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15
Q

Types of custom workstations

A 
Graphics/CAD/CAM
Audio/Video editing
Virtualization Workstation
Gaming PC
Home Theater PC
Standard Think Client
This Client
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16
Q

Graphics/CAD/CAM

A

Processor, Video, and RAM

Maximum RAM

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17
Q

Audio/Video editing

A

Video, and storage

Fast storage and dual displays

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18
Q

Virtualization Workstations

A

Processor and RAM

Maximum CPU and RAM

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19
Q

Gaming PC

A

Processor, Video, and Audio

High-end cooling

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20
Q

Home Theater PC

A

Video, Audio

HDMI, surround sound, TV tuner

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21
Q

Standard thick client

A

Recommended Windows requirements

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22
Q

Thin client

A

Basic applications

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23
Q

Northbridge

A
  • Manages the connection between the CPU and memory
  • Connect high-end graphics (AGP or PCI Express)
  • Integrated into newer CPUs, including processor cores, memory controller, and the GPU
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24
Q

Southbridge

A
  • Relatively slower connections than the Northbridge

* USB, Ethernet, PATA, SATA, etc.

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25
Q

SIMM

A
  • Single In-Line Memory Module
  • 72-pins
  • Electrical pins are the same on both sides
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26
Q

RIMM

A
  • Rambus In-Line Memory Module
  • 184-pin
  • Proprietary
  • Every slot must be filled with a Continuity and Termination RIMM (CT-RIMM)
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27
Q

DIMM

A
  • Dual In-Line Memory Module
  • Electrical contacts are different on each side
  • SDRAM - 168 pins
  • DDR SDRAM - 184 pins
  • DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM - 240 pins
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28
Q

SO-DIMM

A
  • Small Outline DIMM
  • Laptops and mobile devices
  • DDR and DDR2 SDRAM - 200 pins
  • DDR3 SDRAM - 204 pins
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29
Q

ROM

A

Read only memory

Cannot be changed or erased

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30
Q

PROM

A

Programmable read only memory

Write once

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31
Q

EPROM

A

Erasable Programmable Read only memory

Write/erase/write again

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32
Q

EEPROM

A

Electrically Erasable PROM

Flash memory

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33
Q

SRAM

A

Static RAM
Maintains data without constant refreshing
Very fast and expensive
Used often for processor caches

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34
Q

DRAM

A

Dynamic RAM

Requires constant refreshing to maintain data

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35
Q

SDRAM

A

Synchronous Dynamic RAM

Synchronous with the system clock

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36
Q

DDR

A

Double Data Rate SDRAM
Twice the data rate of SDRAM
Used often in processor caches

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37
Q

DDR2

A

Double Data Rate 2 SDRAM

2x the bus clock multiplier of DDR

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38
Q

DDR3

A

Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM

4x the bus clock multiplier of DDR

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39
Q

Parity memory

A

Additional parity bit for error detection for single bit errors
Cannot repair the errors

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40
Q

Error Correction Code

A

ECC
Detects errors and corrects them on the fly
Ideal and typically used in server machines
Too expensive and impractical for standard workstations

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41
Q

Multi-channel memory

A

DDR RAM
Installed in pairs or trios for maximum throughput
Memory channels have identical colors

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42
Q

Steps to install expansion card

A
  1. Check motherboard documentation for types and number of slots
  2. Check adapter card documentation for software and hardware requirements
  3. Use ESD strap, anti-static bag, and other ESD precautions
  4. Confirm driver installation through Windows Device Manager
    (May need to download the driver from the manufacturer’s website)
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43
Q

CD

A

700 MB

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44
Q

DVD

A

Single layer - 4.7 GB

Dual layer - 8.5 GB

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45
Q

Blu-ray

A

Single layer - 25 GB

Dual layer - 50 GB

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46
Q

ROM

A

Read only memory

Cannot write to media

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47
Q

RW

A

Read/Write

Used for backups

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48
Q

RAID 0

A

Striping
Splits data across 2 drives
Fast writing but no redundancy
Minimum of 2 drives required

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49
Q

RAID 1

A

Mirroring
Data is duplicated across drives
Slow write speeds but complete redundancy
Minimum of 2 drives required

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50
Q

RAID 5

A

Striping with Parity
Data is striped with parity
Efficient use of disk space and good redundancy
Minimum of 3 drives

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51
Q

RAID 1 + 0

A

Striped file blocks across mirrored drives
High disk utilization and high redundancy
Minimum of 4 drives required

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52
Q

Socket T

A 
Intel
775 pins
LGA
Later Pentium 4s ad Core 2
DDR2/DDR3
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53
Q

Socket B

A 
Intel
1,366 pins
LGA
Core i7
DDR3 (triple channel)
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54
Q

Socket H

A 
Intel
1,156 pins
LGA
Core i3/i5/i7 (Nehalem)
DDR3 (Dual channel)
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55
Q

Socket H2

A 
Intel
1,155 pins
LGA
Core i3/i5/i7 (Sandy Bridge)
DDR3 (Dual channel)
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56
Q

Socket 940

A 
AMD
940 pins
PGA
Athlon 64 FX
DDR (dual channel)
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57
Q

Socket AM2/AM2+

A 
AMD
940 pins
PGA
Athlon 64 (FX, X2)/ Phenom Xx
DDR2 (dual channel)
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58
Q

Socket F

A 
AMD
1,207 pins
LGA
Athlon 64 FX
DDR2 (dual channel)
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59
Q

Socket AM3

A 
AMD
941 pins
PGA
Athlon II/Phenom II
DDR2/DDR3 (dual channel)
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60
Q

Socket AM3+

A 
AMD
942 pins
PGA
Athlon II/Phenom II
DDR2/DDR3 (dual channel)
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61
Q

Socket FM1

A 
AMD
905 pins
PGA
A Series/Athlon II
DDR3 (Dual channel)
62
Q

Maximum number of devices for USB

63
Q

USB 1.0/1.1

A

Low speed: 1.5 Mbps, 3 meters

High speed: 12 Mbps, 5 meters

64
Q

USB 2.0

A

480 Mbps, 5 meters

65
Q

USB 3.0

A

4.8 Gbps, 3 meters

66
Q

802.11a

A

5 GHz, 54 Mbps, 120 meters

67
Q

802.11b

A

2.4 GHz, 11 Mbps, 140 meters

68
Q

802.11g

A

2.4 GHz, 54 Mbps, 140 meters

69
Q

802.11n

A

5/2.4 GHz, 600 Mbps, 250 meters

70
Q

IEEE 1394a

A

Firewire 400
100, 200, and 400 Mbps half duplex
4.5 meters (15 feet), 72 meters max

71
Q

IEEE 1394b

A

Firewire 800
800 Mbps full duplex
Optical connections - 100 meters max

72
Q

IrDA

A

Infrared
4 Mbps
Line of site, 1 meter

73
Q

Bluetooth

A

Version 2.0 + EDR, 3 Mbps
10 meters for Class 2 devices
1 meter for Class 3 devices

74
Q

PATA

A 
Length: 18"/45 cm
Ultra ATA/33: 33 MBps
Ultra ATA/66: 66 MBps
Ultra ATA/100: 100 MBps
Ultra ATA/133: 133 MBps
75
Q

SATA

A

Revision 1: 1.5 Gbps, 1 meter
Revision 2: 3.0 Gbps, 1 meter
Revision 3: 6.0 Gbps, 1 meter

76
Q

eSATA

A

Matches the associated SATA Revision

2 meters

77
Q

Network Cable A

TIA/EIA 568A

A 
Green/White
Green
Orange/White
Blue
Blue/White
Orange
Brown/White
Brown
78
Q

Network Cable B

TIA/EIA 568B

A 
Orange/White
Orange
Green/White
Blue
Blue/White
Green
Brown/White
Brown
79
Q

Multi-mode Fiber

A

Short range communication, 2 km
Multiple modes of light
Data, Audio/Video

80
Q

Single-mode Fiber

A

Long range communication
Single mode of light
Long distance, high-bandwidth runs

81
Q

Twisted Pair

A

Copper cabling
STP - Shielded
UTP - Unshielded
Plenum-rated cable (fire-resistant jacket)

82
Q

Coaxial Cable

A

Older Ethernet networks (RG-8/U)
Broadband Internet (RG-56)
Short-distance video (RG-59)

83
Q

IPv4 Addressing

A

192.168.1.131
11000000.10101000.00000001.10000011
4 octets, 32-bit/4 byte address

84
Q

IPv6 Addressing

A

128 bit address

85
Q

RFC 1918 Private Addresses

A

Used on private networks

Not routable over the internet

86
Q

APIPA

A

Automatic Private IP Addressing
Automatically assigned addresses
169.254.1.0 through 169.254.254.255
Typically assigned when the machine cannot connect with the DHCP server to get an address

87
Q

Class A addresses

A

1-126.x.x.x
128 networks
16,777,214 hosts per network
Subnet mask: 255.0.0.0

88
Q

Class B addresses

A

128-191.x.x.x
16,384 networks
65,534 hosts on network
Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0

89
Q

Class C addresses

A

192-223.x.x.x
2,097,152 networks
254 hosts on network
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0

90
Q

Class A private address

A 
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
16,777,216 addresses
Single class
CIDR block: 10.0.0.0/8 (255.0.0.0)
Host ID: 24 bits
91
Q

Class B private addresses

A 
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
1,048,576 addresses
16 contiguous class Bs
CIDR block: 172.16.0.0/12 (255.240.0.0)
Host ID: 20 bits
92
Q

Class C private addresses

A 
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
65,536 addresses
256 contiguous classCs
CIDR block: 192.168.0.0/16 (255.255.0.0)
Host ID: 16 bits
93
Q

Port tcp/20

A

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) data

94
Q

Port tcp/21

A

FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Control

95
Q

Port tcp/23

96
Q

Port tcp/25

A

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

97
Q

Port tcp/53

A

DNS (Domain Name Services) zone transfers

98
Q

Port tcp/80

A

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) web browsing

99
Q

Port tcp/110

A

POP3 (Post Office Protocol version 3)

100
Q

Port tcp/153

A

IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

101
Q

Port tcp/443

A

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)

102
Q

Port tcp/3389

A

RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol)

103
Q

Port udp/53

A

DNS (Domain Name Services) queries

104
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol - Automatic IP addressing

105
Q

LDAP

A

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - Network directory

106
Q

DNS

A

Domain Name Services - Map a name to an IP address

107
Q

SNMP

A

Simple Network Management Protocol - Manage devices

108
Q

SMB

A

Server Message Block - Windows file and printer sharing

109
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell - Encrypted terminal session

110
Q

SFTP

A

Secure FTP over SSH - Encrypted file transfers

111
Q

WEP

A

Wired Equivalent Privacy
64-bit or 128-bit key size
Vulnerable

112
Q

WPA

A

Wi-Fi Protected Access
RC4 cipher as a TKIP
Vulnerabilities exist

113
Q

WPA2

A

Wi-Fi Protected Access
CCMP (Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol)
Replaced RC4 with AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)

114
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Network

A building nor group of buildings

115
Q

WAN

A

Wide Area Network

Spanning the globe

116
Q

PAN

A

Personal Area Network
Bluetooth, WiFi
Automobile, mobile phone, health telemetry

117
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network

Contained in a regional area

118
Q

Hub

A

OSI Layer 1 - Multi-port repeater

Traffic is broadcast to all ports and the intended device picks up the packets

119
Q

Switch

A

OSI Layer 2 - Multi-port bridge

Forwards traffic based on data link address

120
Q

Router

A

OSI Layer 3

Forwards traffic based on network address

121
Q

WAP

A

Wireless Access Point

Bridges from wired network to wireless

122
Q

Modem

A

Modulator/Demodulator

Converts analog sounds to digital signals

123
Q

NAS

A

Network Attached Storage

High-speed storage connected to the network

124
Q

Firewall

A

Filters traffic by IP, port number, or application

125
Q

Crimper

A

“Pinches” the connector onto the wire, the final step of cable installation

126
Q

Multimeter

A

Measures voltage, current, resistance, Check AC/DC voltage, cable continuity

127
Q

Toner Probe

A

Find a specific wire

2 pieces: tone generator and inductive probe

128
Q

Cable tester

A

Measure the quality of a cable installation

Near end crosstalk, attenuation, etc.

129
Q

Loopback plug

A

Used for diagnostics and troubleshooting

Determine if a received signal is the same as the sent signal

130
Q

Punch-down tool

A

Forces wires into a wiring block

Trims the wires and breaks the insulation

131
Q

PCMCIA

A

Type I: 3.3 mm
Type II: 5.5 mm
Type III: 10.5 mm
56 mm x 84 mm

132
Q

ExpressCard

A

34 mm and 54 mm wide
54 mm slot accepts both card types
Hot swappable

133
Q

SO-DIMM

A

Small Outline Dual in-line Memory Module
RAM upgrade
Not hot swappable

134
Q

Flash memory

A

USB connected
Used for additional storage
Windows ReadyBoost to use as virtual memory

135
Q

LCD

A

Liquid Crystal Display
Low power consumption
Lightweight
Requires a separate backlight (CCFL, LED)

136
Q

OLED

A 
Organic Light Emitting Diode
Chemicals that emit light - no backlight required
Thin and flexible
Very little power consumption
Expensive
137
Q

Wi-Fi Antennas

A

Wrap around the laptop screen
WiFi main and aux antenna
Bluetooth antenna

138
Q

Backlight and Inverter

A

Flourescent lamp shines through LCD to provide light

Inverter converts DC power to AC

139
Q

Laser Printing Process

A
  1. Processing
  2. Charging
  3. Exposing
  4. Developing
  5. Transferring
  6. Fusing
  7. Cleaning
140
Q

Step 1. Processing

A

Build the entire page in memory

141
Q

Step 2. Charging

A

Prepare the drum with a negative electrostatic charge

142
Q

Step 3. Exposing

A

Write the image with the laser

143
Q

Step 4. Developing

A

Add toner to the charges areas of the imaging drum

144
Q

Step 5. Transferring

A

Move the toner from the drum to the paper

145
Q

Step 6. Fusing

A

Heat and pressure to fuse the toner to the paper

146
Q

Step 7. Cleaning

A

Remove excess toner

147
Q

Laser printer

A

Prints using heat and pressure to melt toner pellets onto the page

148
Q

Inkjet printer

A

Prints with very fine drops of ink

149
Q

Thermal printer

A

Applies heat to thermocromic paper to print directly (Thermal Direct) or to transfer ink from a ribbon (Thermal Transfer)

150
Q

Impact printer

A

Printer head strikes a ribbon and the paper

A+ 220-801, 220-802 Q&A (22 decks)

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