Mesopotamia ancient history

Question 1

Location

Answer 1

all the lands between the Euphrates and the Tigris = the area of Fertile crescent

Question 2

Fertile crescent

Answer 2

Úrodný půlměsíc

Question 3

Today

Answer 3

parts of Syria, Iraq and Turkey

Question 4

Divided to

Answer 4

North - Assyria
South - Babylonia

Question 5

Periodization

Answer 5

Old Assyrian
Old Babylonian
Middle Assyrian
Middle Babylonian
Neo-Assyrian
Neo-Babylonian

Question 6

Uruk Period

Answer 6

sumerian culture - the earliest known civilization
urban centres - Kish, Ur, Uruk, Lagas
the time of Gilgamesh - a semi-historical king of Uruk, the subject of the Epic of Gilgamesh

Question 7

Akkadian Empire

Answer 7

the first known ancient empire
Sargon is the ruler in North Mesopotamia
invaded by the Guti from the Zargos Mountains

Question 8

Old Assyrian Period

Answer 8

founded the city state of Ashur
building temples to gods: Ashur, Adad, Ishtar
created Mittani
export of textiles, fabrics and wool
metal working (gold, silver and copper)

Question 9

Old Babylonian period

Answer 9

Amorites - dominant civilization
Babylonia was founded as an independent state by an Amorite chieftain
Hammurabi - the Amorite ruler of Babylonia
1595 BC - the Amorite dynasty ended - Babylonia fell to the Hittite king Mursilis after which the Kassites took control

Question 10

Hammurabi

Answer 10

-the Amorite ruler of Babylonia
-turned Babylon into a major power
-eventually conquered Mesopotamia
-Hammurabi`s Law Code

Question 11

Hammurabi`s Law Code

Answer 11

-a 2,25 metre-tall stone stele
-285 laws with scale punishments
-“an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth”
-based on social stratification(slavexfree, malexfemale)
-Dělení obyvatelstva na awíly(the amelu, the elite), muškeny(the mushkenu, free men) a otroky(ardu, slaves)

Question 12

Middle Assyrian Period

Answer 12

from 1720 BC - the ejection of Amorites and Babylonians from Assyria
to 1076 BC - the death of Tiglath-Pilester I(military campaigns, building projects)
dominating Mitanni, Hittite lands, Amorite lands, Babylon, Phoenicia

Question 13

Middle Babylonian period

Answer 13

dominant Kassite dynasty, later under Elam and Assyria
1235 BC - Babylon conquested by Assyrians

Question 14

Neo-Assyrian Period

Answer 14

911 BC - the Neo-Assyrian Empire
the largest and the most powerful country: conquering rivals such as Babylonia, Elam, Persia, Phoenicia and Egypt
Sargon II
Ashurbanipal
612 BC -after a 3-month siege and severe fighting later resulted in the Fall of Nineveh = the beginning of the end of the Assyrian Empire

Question 15

Neo-Assyrian Empire

Answer 15

lasting until the fall of Nineveh at the hands of the Babylonians, Medes, Scythians and Cimmerians

Question 16

Sargon II

Answer 16

ended the nothern Kingdom of Israel and carried 27000 people away into the captivity into the Israelite Diaspora

Question 17

Ashurbanipal

Answer 17

moved back no Nineveh, able to face potential threats (Persians, Medes)

Question 18

Neo-Babylonian period

Answer 18

620 BC - Nabopolassar II seized control over much of Babylonia
612 BC - Nineveh was sacked
Nebuchadnezzar II
539 BC - Cyrus of Persia invaded Babylonia - became the part of Persia

Question 19

Nebuchadnezzar II

Answer 19

ruled for 43 years, took over the former Assyrian Empire, invaded Egypt, got Jerusalem, reconstructed Babylon

Question 20

Ishtar

Answer 20

goddess of love, queen of the night

Question 21

Ishtar gate

Answer 21

dark blue tiles in the background, bulls and dragons

Question 22

The Hanging Gadens of Babylon

Answer 22

the ex wonder of the world

Question 23

Wet clay tablets

Answer 23

were used to write things down

Question 24

Cuneiform

Answer 24

klínové pismo

Question 25

Henry Rawlinson and Edward Hincks

Answer 25

translated cuneiform