Egypt ancient history Flashcards
location
concentrated along the Nile River
divided to
upper egypt, lower egypt
upper egypt
south, nomadic lifestyle, hunter-gatherers
lower egypt
south, regular floods(fertilizing mud) allowed for harvesting twice a year
periodization
early old kingdom, first intermediate, middle kingdom, second intermediate, new kingdom, third intermediate, late period/ptolemaic
Early Old Kingdom
LE+UE united into one by Meni(first pharaoh, lived in Memphis), 6 dynasties,
Economy: agriculture in delta, trade
Buildings: Mastabas(tomb), The Giza Pyramids, Great Sphinx
First Intermediate
Pepi’s age - death of his heirs, power of local nomarchs, 7th-11th dynasty,
drier climate - lower crop yields - famine = “Dark age”
2 competing power bases in conflict:
Heraclepolis(LE) x Thebes(UE)
Pharaoh Pepi 2
6th Dynasty, ruled for 64 years until he was 90
nomarch
administrator of a district in Egypt
Middle Kingdom
Reunification by Mantuhotep 2
11th-12th dynasty, prosperity
Itjatawy - Royal Palace
Osiris became the most important deity
Sanusret 3 - a warrior king
Second Intermediate
the period when Hykros people of West Asia made their appearance in Egypt:
- introduced horses and chariots
- practiced horse burials
- new techniques of bronze-working and pottery
- new breeds of animals and crops
- new musical instruments and foreign loanwords
Harad - storm god
New Kingdom
18th-20th dynasty, prosperity
peak of power, the greatest territorial extent
- expending to Nubia, fighting Hittite armies
Ahmose 1 - founder of 18th dynasty
Hatshersut - 2nd female pharaoh
Thutmose 3 - power and wealth
Amenhotep 4 + wife Nefertiti(considered the most beautiful woman)
- changed his name to Akhenaton
- deleted history of gods, wanted Ra to be the only god
- 1st monotheism
Tutankhamum - restored ancient religions
Ramesses 2 - battle of Kadesh, against Hittite king Muwataii 2
- both sides claiming victory - peace treaty in 1285 bc (1st ever)
- promised mutual help, non-invasement, refugee agreement
Ramesses 3 - fighting sea people invading Egypt
Ahmose 1
founder of 18th dynasty
Hatshersut
2nd female pharaoh
thutmose 3
power and wealth
Amenhotep
changed his name to Akhenaten, deleted history of gods, 1st monotheism
Nefertiti
Akhenaten`s wife, considered the most beautiful woman
Tutankhamum
restored ancient religions, curse of the pharaohs
Ramesses 2
battle of Kadesh against Hittite king Muwatalii 2, both sides claiming victory, first ever peace treaty, 1285, promised mutual help, non-invasement, refugee agreement
Ramesses 3
fought sea people invading Egypt
Third Intermediate
bickering among heirs, droughts, famine, corruption, instability
Assyrians invaded Egypt
Saite kings - peace and prosperity
Persian Cambyses became the pharaoh of Egypt
Late Period
26th Saite Dynasty, 332 BC Alexander the Great defeated Persian kings, founded Alexandria
- Hellenistic Egypt was led by Macedonians
323 BC - death of Alexander the Great
30 BC - death of Cleopatra and Roman conquest
droughts
suchost
