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9H WH > Mesoamerica > Flashcards

Mesoamerica Flashcards

1
Q

How does religion dictate action

A
  • Mayan king regarded as holy figure
  • Mayan cities dedicated to gods with elaborate stone carvings
  • Human sacrifice to keep balance and avoid natural disasters
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2
Q

How is power gained, used, and challenged

A
  • Priests and warriors made up noble class
  • Aztecs started off weak but adapted to local ways
  • Incas established power over large groups by using Aylin system
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3
Q

How does economic and cultural exchange impact societal development

A
  • Mayans took Olmec influence combined with local customs

- Cities linked through trade

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4
Q

Maya Empire

A

Divided into city-states; supported though agriculture and trade; developed written language

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5
Q

Glyph

A

Hieroglyphic symbols, pictograph

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6
Q

Obsidian

A

Used to make sharp weapons

Hard dar volcanic rock

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7
Q

Incan Empire

A

Built off of conquest; Ayllu system; agricultural advancements

No written language

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8
Q

Quipu

A

Arrangement of knotted strings on a cord used by Inca to arrange numerical info

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9
Q

Francisco Pizarro

A

Conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire

Captured and killed Incan emperor Atahualpa and claimed the lands for Spain

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10
Q

Mestizo

A

A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry

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11
Q

Cacao

A

Chocolate; used as a currency in mesoamerican society

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12
Q

Conquistador

A

Spanish soldiers/explorers who took part in conquest of the Americas

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13
Q

Encomienda

A

Grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas

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14
Q

Machu Picchu

A

Incan City

Fortress high in the Andes (modern day Peru) believed to have been a royal estate or sacred religious site for Inca leaders

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15
Q

Yucatán

A

Part of Mayan Empire conquered by Spanish Conquiestadors

Peninsula home to both Mayan and Aztec civilization (in that orders)

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16
Q

Codex

A

Ancient manuscript or text in book form

17
Q

Quetzalcoatl

A

One of the most important gods for Mayans and aztecs, mixture of bird and rattlesnake

18
Q

Triple Alliance

A

3 City states of the Aztec civilization that banded together

19
Q

Pachacuti

A

Incan Empire founder

20
Q

Quechua

A

Incan language

21
Q

Cuzco

A

Capital of Inca EMpire

22
Q

Atahualpa

A

Son of Incan emperor, Huayna capa; received ecuador. Attempted to lay

23
Q

Aztec Empire

A

Empire of ancient civilization that was very advanced for the time

Advanced education, math advancements, medical advancements, etc

24
Q

Terraces

A

Levels of land built into the landscape/mountainside

Allows farmers to use more land on the mountain slopes, and to move further up the mountain than they would normally would be able to. Used by Mayan, aztecs, and inca

25
Q

Slash and burn

A

Trees and cut down and let to dry for a period of time. Dry wood and grass set on fire, resulting ash adds nutrients to the soil

Used by all 3 civs

26
Q

Pachacuti

A

9th inca ruler, founded empire with conquests in Cuzco valley and more

Credited with the founding of the site of Machu Picchu

27
Q

Atahualpa

A

Last inca ruler, executed by pizarra in 1533, marking end of Inca empire

28
Q

Mestizo

A

Person of combined European and Amerindian/Pacific Islander descent

29
Q

Tikal

A

Ancient Mayan citadel in north Guatemala

30
Q

Popul Vuh

A

Mayan text, translates to book of the people, includes tales, genealogy, creation myth

31
Q

Quechua

A

Indigenous people of central andes, descendants of incas

32
Q

Colony

A

Territory controlled by an empire

33
Q

Encomienda

A

grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area

34
Q

Cuzco

A

Capital of the Incan empire

35
Q

Conquistadors

A

Conquerors from Spain, came to esoameirca nad South America, conquered natives and claimed land as colonies of spain (Columbus pizzaro etc)

36
Q

Valley of Mexico

A

Where modern Mexico City is located, where Aztec were located

37
Q

Tenochtitlán

A

Aztec capital

38
Q

Ayllu

A

An Incan community or family group that worked together to reach a common goal, traditional form of community in andes

39
Q

Montezuma II

A

Bad ruler who increased sacrifice, leading to a period and unrest and rebellion that the military was unable to subdue

Encountered cortes when he invaded Mexico

9H WH (4 decks)

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