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EVPP > MES 4: Matter & Energy: Membranes, Diffusion, & Life's Building Blocks > Flashcards

MES 4: Matter & Energy: Membranes, Diffusion, & Life's Building Blocks Flashcards

0
Q

What process is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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1
Q

What is the process of linking monomers that involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to form water?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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2
Q

What is the reverse process of the joining together of monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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3
Q

What process is catalyzed by a hydrolase enzyme?

A

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

Name a storage protein (not a structural protein).

A

Ovalbumin

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5
Q

What system manufactures defensive proteins?

A

The immune system

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6
Q

Name a polysaccharide found in animals that stores energy.

A

Glycogen

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7
Q

Glucose + glucose = ____ + ____ by ____

A

Maltose + water by dehydration synthesis

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8
Q

Name the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.

A

Maltose

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9
Q

Name a source of lactose.

A

Milk

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10
Q

Name the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a polysaccharide.

A

Cellulose

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11
Q

Name four ways that hydrocarbons can differ from one another.

A
  • Length (short or long)
  • Branching (branched or not branched)
  • Bonding (single or double)
  • Structure (ringed or not ringed)
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12
Q

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

A

Four

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13
Q

Name four types of lipids.

A
  • wax
  • phospholipid
  • steroids
  • cholesterol
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14
Q

Name a nucleic acid.

A

RNA

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15
Q

If the fatty acid tails lack double bonds, what type of fat is it?

A

A saturated fat

16
Q

If the fatty acid tails have double bonds, what type of fat is it?

A

An saturated fat

17
Q

What three components make up a phospholipid?

A
  • phosphate group
  • glycerol
  • fatty acids
18
Q

Olive oil is rich in what type of fats?

A

Unsaturated fats

19
Q

Name an important component of animal cell membranes.

A

Cholesterol

20
Q

Proteins are polymers of what?

A

Amino acids

21
Q

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein’s primary structure?

A

Peptide bond

22
Q

The secondary structure of a protein results from what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Tertiary structure of proteins is not directly dependent on what?

A

Peptide bonds

24
Q

What links together the amino acids of a protein’s primary structure?

A

Peptide bonds

25
Q

Name four things a tertiary structure can possibly depend on directly.

A
  • hydrogen bonds
  • bonds between sulfur atoms
  • hydrophobic interactions
  • ionic bonds
26
Q

What play a key role in the human immune system?

A

Proteins

27
Q

What are composed of long chains of amino acids?

A

Proteins

28
Q

What function as enzymes and hormones in organisms?

A

Proteins

29
Q

What are composed of chains of nucleotides?

A

Nucleic acids

30
Q

What function primarily to transmit hereditary information in organisms?

A

Nucleic acids

31
Q

What function primarily as sources of chemical energy, or for energy storage, such as starch?

A

Carbohydrates

32
Q

What can be used to build structure, such as cellulose in plant cell walls?

A

Carbohydrates

33
Q

What are composed of simple sugars or large molecules of chemically bonded simple sugars?

A

Carbohydrates

34
Q

What is an element associated with all organic compounds?

A

Carbon

35
Q

What macromolecules fuel almost all living cells?

A

Carbohydrates

36
Q

Organic compounds can form what?

A

Polymers

37
Q

What results when carbon atoms bond together in long chains?

A

A polymer

38
Q

What can we call the process of building a protein by making long chains of amino acids?

A

Polymerization

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