MES 4: Matter & Energy: Membranes, Diffusion, & Life's Building Blocks Flashcards

0
Q

What process is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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1
Q

What is the process of linking monomers that involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to form water?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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2
Q

What is the reverse process of the joining together of monomers?

A

Hydrolysis

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3
Q

What process is catalyzed by a hydrolase enzyme?

A

Hydrolysis

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4
Q

Name a storage protein (not a structural protein).

A

Ovalbumin

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5
Q

What system manufactures defensive proteins?

A

The immune system

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6
Q

Name a polysaccharide found in animals that stores energy.

A

Glycogen

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7
Q

Glucose + glucose = ____ + ____ by ____

A

Maltose + water by dehydration synthesis

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8
Q

Name the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.

A

Maltose

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9
Q

Name a source of lactose.

A

Milk

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10
Q

Name the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a polysaccharide.

A

Cellulose

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11
Q

Name four ways that hydrocarbons can differ from one another.

A
  • Length (short or long)
  • Branching (branched or not branched)
  • Bonding (single or double)
  • Structure (ringed or not ringed)
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12
Q

How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?

A

Four

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13
Q

Name four types of lipids.

A
  • wax
  • phospholipid
  • steroids
  • cholesterol
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14
Q

Name a nucleic acid.

A

RNA

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15
Q

If the fatty acid tails lack double bonds, what type of fat is it?

A

A saturated fat

16
Q

If the fatty acid tails have double bonds, what type of fat is it?

A

An saturated fat

17
Q

What three components make up a phospholipid?

A
  • phosphate group
  • glycerol
  • fatty acids
18
Q

Olive oil is rich in what type of fats?

A

Unsaturated fats

19
Q

Name an important component of animal cell membranes.

A

Cholesterol

20
Q

Proteins are polymers of what?

A

Amino acids

21
Q

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein’s primary structure?

A

Peptide bond

22
Q

The secondary structure of a protein results from what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

23
Q

Tertiary structure of proteins is not directly dependent on what?

A

Peptide bonds

24
What links together the amino acids of a protein's primary structure?
Peptide bonds
25
Name four things a tertiary structure can possibly depend on directly.
* hydrogen bonds * bonds between sulfur atoms * hydrophobic interactions * ionic bonds
26
What play a key role in the human immune system?
Proteins
27
What are composed of long chains of amino acids?
Proteins
28
What function as enzymes and hormones in organisms?
Proteins
29
What are composed of chains of nucleotides?
Nucleic acids
30
What function primarily to transmit hereditary information in organisms?
Nucleic acids
31
What function primarily as sources of chemical energy, or for energy storage, such as starch?
Carbohydrates
32
What can be used to build structure, such as cellulose in plant cell walls?
Carbohydrates
33
What are composed of simple sugars or large molecules of chemically bonded simple sugars?
Carbohydrates
34
What is an element associated with all organic compounds?
Carbon
35
What macromolecules fuel almost all living cells?
Carbohydrates
36
Organic compounds can form what?
Polymers
37
What results when carbon atoms bond together in long chains?
A polymer
38
What can we call the process of building a protein by making long chains of amino acids?
Polymerization