MES 4: Matter & Energy: Membranes, Diffusion, & Life's Building Blocks Flashcards
What process is catalyzed by a polymerase enzyme?
Dehydration synthesis
What is the process of linking monomers that involves the removal of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom to form water?
Dehydration synthesis
What is the reverse process of the joining together of monomers?
Hydrolysis
What process is catalyzed by a hydrolase enzyme?
Hydrolysis
Name a storage protein (not a structural protein).
Ovalbumin
What system manufactures defensive proteins?
The immune system
Name a polysaccharide found in animals that stores energy.
Glycogen
Glucose + glucose = ____ + ____ by ____
Maltose + water by dehydration synthesis
Name the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis.
Maltose
Name a source of lactose.
Milk
Name the most abundant organic compound on Earth. It is a polysaccharide.
Cellulose
Name four ways that hydrocarbons can differ from one another.
- Length (short or long)
- Branching (branched or not branched)
- Bonding (single or double)
- Structure (ringed or not ringed)
How many covalent bonds can a carbon atom form?
Four
Name four types of lipids.
- wax
- phospholipid
- steroids
- cholesterol
Name a nucleic acid.
RNA
If the fatty acid tails lack double bonds, what type of fat is it?
A saturated fat
If the fatty acid tails have double bonds, what type of fat is it?
An saturated fat
What three components make up a phospholipid?
- phosphate group
- glycerol
- fatty acids
Olive oil is rich in what type of fats?
Unsaturated fats
Name an important component of animal cell membranes.
Cholesterol
Proteins are polymers of what?
Amino acids
What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein’s primary structure?
Peptide bond
The secondary structure of a protein results from what?
Hydrogen bonds
Tertiary structure of proteins is not directly dependent on what?
Peptide bonds
What links together the amino acids of a protein’s primary structure?
Peptide bonds
Name four things a tertiary structure can possibly depend on directly.
- hydrogen bonds
- bonds between sulfur atoms
- hydrophobic interactions
- ionic bonds
What play a key role in the human immune system?
Proteins
What are composed of long chains of amino acids?
Proteins
What function as enzymes and hormones in organisms?
Proteins
What are composed of chains of nucleotides?
Nucleic acids
What function primarily to transmit hereditary information in organisms?
Nucleic acids
What function primarily as sources of chemical energy, or for energy storage, such as starch?
Carbohydrates
What can be used to build structure, such as cellulose in plant cell walls?
Carbohydrates
What are composed of simple sugars or large molecules of chemically bonded simple sugars?
Carbohydrates
What is an element associated with all organic compounds?
Carbon
What macromolecules fuel almost all living cells?
Carbohydrates
Organic compounds can form what?
Polymers
What results when carbon atoms bond together in long chains?
A polymer
What can we call the process of building a protein by making long chains of amino acids?
Polymerization
