Learning Guide 18 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the relationship between a population and a species?

A

A group of individuals of a species live in a population

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1
Q

What is the definition of a population?

A

A group of individuals of a species that live in a particular area

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2
Q

What are four variables that govern changes in population size?

A

Births, deaths, immigration, emigration

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3
Q

What are factors that affect the size of a population?

A

Biotic potential and environmental resistance

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4
Q

What is biotic potential?

A

Factors that favor increase in population size

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5
Q

What is environmental resistance?

A

Factors that favor decrease in population size

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6
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

The maximum size of a population that a particular environment will support

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7
Q

What are the two main types of growth exhibited by populations?

A

Logistic growth and exponential growth

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8
Q

Are there always limits to population growth in nature?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Is carrying capacity the same for all populations and all environments?

A

No

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10
Q

Describe Type I survivorship curve.

A
  • Little mortality in the early part of the lifespan
  • Majority of individuals survive to reach reproductive age
  • Greatest amount of mortality occurs in later portion of lifespan
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11
Q

Give examples of organisms that exhibit Type I survivorship curve.

A

Humans, elephants, polar bears

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12
Q

Describe Type II survivorship curve.

A

The probability of dying is the same at any time during organism’s lifespan

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13
Q

Describe Type III survivorship curve.

A

Majority of mortality in the early part of the potential lifespan, small percentage of initial number of individuals survive to reproductive age

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14
Q

Examples of organisms that exhibit Type III survivorship curve

A

Insects, annual plants, oysters

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15
Q

What phrase did Darwin use originally instead of the term evolution?

A

descent with modification

16
Q

Name the three key observations that support Darwin’s theory of evolution.

A

All species produce more offspring than the environment can support, individuals of a population vary in their traits, organisms’ variations can be inherited by their offspring

17
Q

What is the mechanism for evolution?

A

Natural selection

18
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Differential or unequal success and reproduction

19
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

The opposite of natural selection, humans select desired characteristics

20
Q

What is the smallest unit that can evolve?

A

Population

21
Q

What is Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A

No change in frequencies of alleles in gene pool, no microevolution

22
Q

What is microevolution?

A

Change in the gene pool, studied by looking at frequencies of alleles

23
Q

What five conditions are necessary for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to be maintained?

A

Population is very large, population is very isolated, gene mutations cannot occur, mating is random, all individuals are equal in reproductive success.

24
What are the five causes of microevolution?
Genetic drift, genetic flow, mutation, nonrandom meeting, natural selection