Mental Status Substance Abuse Flashcards
Which of the following structures is part of the cerebral cortex?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Cerebellum
c) Frontal lobe
d) Basal ganglia
e) Medulla
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing sensory information?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Occipital lobe
d) Wernicke’s area
e) Broca’s area
The hypothalamus is involved in which of the following functions?
a) Movement coordination
b) Sensory perception
c) Memory storage
d) Hormone regulation
e) Language processing
Which structure of the CNS is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance?
a) Cerebral cortex
b) Hypothalamus
c) Cerebellum
d) Thalamus
e) Brainstem
Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible for processing visual information?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Occipital lobe
d) Wernicke’s area
e) Broca’s area
Which area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for language comprehension?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Occipital lobe
d) Wernicke’s area
e) Broca’s area
Which area of the cerebral cortex is responsible for language production?
a) Frontal lobe
b) Parietal lobe
c) Occipital lobe
d) Wernicke’s area
e) Broca’s area
Which structure of the CNS is involved in motor control and the regulation of reward and addiction?
a) Basal ganglia
b) Thalamus
c) Brainstem
d) Spinal cord
e) Cerebral cortex
Which structure of the CNS acts as a relay station for sensory information?
a) Basal ganglia
b) Thalamus
c) Brainstem
d) Spinal cord
e) Cerebral cortex
Which structure of the CNS is responsible for regulating vital functions such as breathing and heart rate?
a) Basal ganglia
b) Thalamus
c) Brainstem
d) Spinal cord
e) Cerebral cortex
Answer: c) Frontal lobe
Answer: b) Parietal lobe
Answer: d) Hormone regulation
Answer: c) Cerebellum
Answer: c) Occipital lobe
Answer: d) Wernicke’s area
Answer: e) Broca’s area
Answer: a) Basal ganglia
Answer: b) Thalamus
Answer: c) Brainstem
Which pathway is responsible for the crossed representation of the body in the brain?
a. Sensory pathways
b. Motor pathways
c. Spinothalamic tract
d. Corticospinal tract
Which sensory pathway is responsible for transmitting information about pain and temperature?
a. Spinothalamic tract
b. Posterior (dorsal) column
c. Corticospinal tract
d. Extrapyramidal tracts
Which sensory pathway is responsible for transmitting information about touch, proprioception, and vibration?
a. Spinothalamic tract
b. Posterior (dorsal) column
c. Corticospinal tract
d. Extrapyramidal tracts
Which motor pathway is responsible for voluntary movement and fine motor control?
a. Corticospinal or pyramidal tract
b. Extrapyramidal tracts
c. Cerebellar system
d. Upper motor neurons
Which motor pathway is responsible for maintaining posture and controlling gross motor movements?
a. Corticospinal or pyramidal tract
b. Extrapyramidal tracts
c. Cerebellar system
d. Lower motor neurons
Which motor pathway is responsible for coordinating movement and balance?
a. Corticospinal or pyramidal tract
b. Extrapyramidal tracts
c. Cerebellar system
d. Upper motor neurons
Which type of neuron is located entirely within the CNS and is responsible for initiating and modulating voluntary movement?
a. Upper motor neurons
b. Lower motor neurons
c. Sensory neurons
d. Interneurons
Which type of neuron is located in the spinal cord or brainstem and is responsible for transmitting motor signals to the muscles?
a. Upper motor neurons
b. Lower motor neurons
c. Sensory neurons
d. Interneurons
Answer: d. Corticospinal tract
Answer: a. Spinothalamic tract
Answer: b. Posterior (dorsal) column
Answer: a. Corticospinal or pyramidal tract
Answer: b. Extrapyramidal tracts
Answer: c. Cerebellar system
Answer: a. Upper motor neurons
Answer: b. Lower motor neurons
Which of the following is not a part of the Peripheral Nervous System?
a) Cranial nerves
b) Spinal nerves
c) Autonomic nervous system
d) Central nervous system
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
a) 8
b) 9
c) 12
d) 31
Which of the following is not a part of the spinal nerves?
a) Cervical
b) Thoracic
c) Lumbar
d) Pelvic
Which of the following cranial nerves is responsible for controlling the muscles of the pharynx and tongue?
a) CN IX (Glossopharyngeal)
b) CN X (Vagus)
c) CN XI (Spinal Accessory)
d) CN XII (Hypoglossal)
What is the primary function of the reflex arc?
a) To control involuntary bodily functions
b) To control voluntary bodily functions
c) To coordinate communication between the brain and spinal cord
d) To rapidly respond to potentially harmful stimuli
Answer: d) Central nervous system
Answer: d) 31
Answer: d) Pelvic
Answer: b) CN X (Vagus)
Answer: d) To rapidly respond to potentially harmful stimuli
Which of the following is the first step in a neurological exam?
a) Reflexes assessment
b) Mental status assessment
c) Motor assessment
d) Sensory assessment
How many steps are involved in a neurological exam?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
d) 7
What is the second step in a neurological exam?
a) Sensory assessment
b) Motor assessment
c) Cranial nerve assessment
d) Reflexes assessment
Which step involves assessing muscle strength and tone?
a) Sensory assessment
b) Motor assessment
c) Cranial nerve assessment
d) Reflexes assessment
Which step involves assessing the patient’s ability to perceive touch, temperature, and pain?
a) Sensory assessment
b) Motor assessment
c) Cranial nerve assessment
d) Reflexes assessment
Which of the following is not a step in a neurological exam?
a) Mental status assessment
b) Cranial nerve assessment
c) Cardiovascular assessment
d) Reflexes assessment
Which step involves assessing the patient’s responses to stimuli such as tapping on the knee or the Achilles tendon?
a) Sensory assessment
b) Motor assessment
c) Cranial nerve assessment
d) Reflexes assessment
What is the first step in cranial nerve assessment?
a) Checking visual acuity
b) Checking pupillary response
c) Checking facial symmetry
d) Checking hearing
What is the last step in the neurological exam?
a) Sensory assessment
b) Motor assessment
c) Reflexes assessment
d) Documentation and communication of findings
Which of the following is not a part of the neurological exam?
a) Checking the patient’s blood pressure
b) Assessing the patient’s memory and orientation
c) Checking the patient’s muscle strength and tone
d) Assessing the patient’s ability to perceive touch, temperature, and pain
Answer: b) Mental status assessment
Answer: d) 7
Answer: c) Cranial nerve assessment
Answer: b) Motor assessment
Answer: a) Sensory assessment
Answer: c) Cardiovascular assessment
Answer: d) Reflexes assessment
Answer: a) Checking visual acuity
Answer: d) Documentation and communication of findings
Answer: a) Checking the patient’s blood pressure
The Spinothalamic tract is responsible for which of the following sensations?
a. Vibration
b. Kinesthesia
c. Tactile Discrimination
d. Pain
e. Two point discrimination
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Spinothalamic tract?
a. Light touch
b. Temperature
c. Pain
d. Pressure
e. None of the above
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Posterior Column Tract?
a. Kinesthesia
b. Tactile Discrimination
c. Vibration
d. Pain
e. Graphesthesia
The Posterior Column Tract is responsible for which of the following sensations?
a. Pain
b. Temperature
c. Light touch
d. Kinesthesia
e. Vibration
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Posterior Column Tract?
a. Tactile Discrimination
b. Stereognosis
c. Graphesthesia
d. Two point discrimination
e. Extinction
Which tract is responsible for the sensation of two point discrimination?
a. Spinothalamic Tract
b. Posterior Column Tract
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Spinothalamic tract?
a. Pain
b. Temperature
c. Light touch
d. Vibration
e. Two point discrimination
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Posterior Column Tract?
a. Tactile Discrimination
b. Stereognosis
c. Graphesthesia
d. Pain
e. Kinesthesia
Which tract is responsible for the sensation of graphesthesia?
a. Spinothalamic Tract
b. Posterior Column Tract
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
Which of the following is not a sensation carried by the Spinothalamic tract?
a. Pain
b. Temperature
c. Light touch
d. Graphesthesia
e. None of the above
Answer: d. Pain
Answer: e. None of the above
Answer: d. Pain
Answer: e. Vibration
Answer: e. Extinction
Answer: b. Posterior Column Tract
Answer: d. Vibration
Answer: d. Pain
Answer: b. Posterior Column Tract
Answer: d. Graphesthesia
Question 1: Which of the following is a potential cause of peripheral neuropathy?
a) Complete transection of the spinal cord
b) Congenital hydrocephalus
c) Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
d) Brown-Séquard Syndrome
Question 2: Which of the following best describes Brown-Séquard Syndrome?
a) Flaccid quadriplegia
b) Complete transection of the spinal cord
c) Opisthotonos
d) Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
Question 3: What is a potential cause of hydrocephalus ex-vacuo?
a) Congenital defects
b) Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
c) Brain damage or atrophy
d) Complete transection of the spinal cord
Question 4: What is a potential cause of opisthotonos?
a) Complete transection of the spinal cord
b) Congenital defects
c) Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid
d) Brain damage or injury
Question 5: Which of the following is a symptom of peripheral neuropathy?
a) Flaccid quadriplegia
b) Excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain
c) Loss of sensation in the hands and feet
d) Brown-Séquard Syndrome
Answer: None of the above. While peripheral neuropathy can be caused by a variety of factors, none of the options listed here are correct.
Answer: b) Complete transection of the spinal cord. Brown-Séquard Syndrome is a condition caused by damage to one side of the spinal cord, resulting in paralysis on that side and loss of pain and temperature sensation on the opposite side of the body.
Answer: c) Brain damage or atrophy. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo is a type of hydrocephalus that occurs when the brain tissue is damaged or atrophied, leading to a loss of brain volume. This can cause an increase in the volume of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull.
Answer: d) Brain damage or injury. Opisthotonos is a condition characterized by severe muscle contractions that cause the head, neck, and spine to arch backwards. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including brain damage or injury.
Answer: c) Loss of sensation in the hands and feet. Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that affects the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. Symptoms can include numbness, tingling, and loss of sensation in the hands and feet.
Which of the following is NOT a neurological disease mentioned in the passage?
A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
B) Muscular Dystrophy
C) Cystic Fibrosis
D) Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease
Which of the following is a type of Muscular Dystrophy?
A) Holmes‐Adie Syndrome (HAS)
B) Facioscapulohumeral
C) Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease
D) Dandy‐Walker Syndrome
Which disease is characterized by involuntary movements and vocalizations known as tics?
A) Huntington’s Disease
B) Myasthenia Gravis
C) Parkinson’s Disease
D) Tourette Syndrome
Which disease is caused by a lack of thiamine (vitamin B1) and affects memory and cognitive function?
A) Alzheimer’s Disease
B) Wernicke‐Korsakoff Syndrome
C) Holmes‐Adie Syndrome (HAS)
D) Myotonic Dystrophy
Which disease is characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue, particularly in the eyes, face, throat, and limbs?
A) Huntington’s Disease
B) Myasthenia Gravis
C) Parkinson’s Disease
D) Tourette Syndrome
Which disease is caused by a prion protein and results in rapid, progressive dementia?
A) Alzheimer’s Disease
B) Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease
C) Dandy‐Walker Syndrome
D) Kennedy’s Disease
Which disease is characterized by a loss of coordination and is caused by a malformation of the cerebellum?
A) Huntington’s Disease
B) Dandy‐Walker Syndrome
C) Tourette Syndrome
D) Myotonic Dystrophy
Which disease is caused by a genetic mutation and results in the progressive deterioration of brain cells that control movement and cognitive function?
A) Alzheimer’s Disease
B) Huntington’s Disease
C) Parkinson’s Disease
D) Muscular Dystrophy
Which disease is characterized by both upper and lower motor neuron damage and results in muscle weakness, atrophy, and spasticity?
A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
B) Muscular Dystrophy
C) Holmes‐Adie Syndrome (HAS)
D) Myotonic Dystrophy
Which disease is characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, particularly in the hips, legs, and shoulders, and is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene?
A) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
B) Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
C) Myotonic Dystrophy
D) Kennedy’s Disease
Answer: C) Cystic Fibrosis
Answer: B) Facioscapulohumeral
Answer: D) Tourette Syndrome
Answer: B) Wernicke‐Korsakoff Syndrome
Answer: B) Myasthenia Gravis
Answer: B) Creutzfeldt‐Jakob Disease
Answer: B) Dandy‐Walker Syndrome
Answer: B) Huntington’s Disease
Answer: A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Answer: A) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
