Mental Math Shortcuts Flashcards
Learn the shortcuts required to solve problems.
Mach to Miles Per Minute
.1 Mach equals 1 mile per minute
Groundspeed to Miles Per Minute
Groundspeed divided by 60
Distance to start Descent
Altitude to lose divided by 1000 times 3
Required Descent Rate for 3 degrees
Groundspeed divided by 2 and add a zero to the end
Specific Range
TAS/FF, mph/(lb./hr), NM/LB
Specific Endurance
Flight Time/FF in lb./hr
Specific Fuel Consumption
FF/Thrust (in lb./hr)
Calculate VDP (with DME)
MDA (HAT) divided by 300 is the distance from the runway in miles
Calculate VDP (with Time)
MDA (HAT) X 10% = Time before missed approach point
Compute Descent Rate on an ILS
Groundspeed X 5 = VSI in feet per minute
DME Radial Rule
At 60 DME each radial is 1 mile apart
Standard Rate Turn Bank Angle
(TAS/10) X 1.5
Turn Radius in Standard Rate Turn
TAS/200
True Airspeed from Indicated Airspeed
IAS + (2%IAS X Altitude/1000)
Crosswind correction
Xwind/(TAS/60) = degrees of heading correction
Pounds to Gallons of fuel
Pounds / 10 times 1.5 = Gallons
What are the crosswind components at wind angles of 90, 60, 45, and 30 degrees?
100%, 90%, 70%, 50%
1” of Barometric pressure change equals how many feet?
1” = 1000’
Higher than 29.92, subtract correction amount
Lower than 29.92, add correction amount
How do you determine ISA temperature at a given altitude?
Double the thousands, subtract 15 and change the sign.
How do you calculate an equal time point distance?
(Total Distance X Return GS) / (Continue GS + Return GS)
How do you calculate and equal time point Time?
Take ETP Distance / Continue GS = Hours
How do you determine the time required for a standard rate turn given amount of degrees required to turn?
Degrees of turn / 3 = time in seconds
How can you determine how many degrees off course you are?
(NM Off Course / Distance Flown) = (Degrees Off Course / 60)
How do you determine the Distance to a VOR
(TAS X Minutes) / Degrees of Bearing Change
How do you determine Minutes to a VOR
(60 X Minutes) / Degrees of Change
How do you determine the required rate of descent?
Descent Angle X NM/Min
How do you determine climb gradient?
Obstacle Height / NM distance = Ft/NM
How do you determine % climb gradient?
Climb Gradient / 60 = % Gradient
How do you find the rate of climb required with a gradient?
(TAS/60) X Climb Gradient = Ft/Min
% Gradient X Ground speed = Ft/Min
One Minute of Latitude is how many NM?
1 NM
How do you determine the bases of clouds?
(Temperature C / Dew point) X 400
