Mental Illness Flashcards
OCD
-Obsession (intrusive thoughts that cause anxiety) and/or compulsions (repeatedly washing hands)
OCD Data
-Female more affected in adult hood
-Male more affected in childhood
-Average onset at 20 years old approximately 2%
Factors associated with OCD
-Genetics
-Neurobiological (orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex)
-Serotonin level imbalance
-Infection
-Psychological trauma
OCD patients vs. Unaffected relatives vs. Healthy controls
-Differences in brain function identifiable even if person does not have any symptoms
Which Brain regions are more active with OCD
-OFC and caudate nucleus
-Cortex projects to striatum, down to the thalamus, and back again to the cortex like a loop
OCPD
At least 4 criteria’s must be met
-Excessive preoccupation with rules, lists, etc.
-Obsession with work and productivity
-Perfectionism that interferes with task
-Unwillingness to delegate work or collaborate
-Cling to worn-out/worthless items
-Rigid Routine
No intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors
Schizophrenia
At least two must be present
-Delusions (p symptom)
-Hallucinations (p symptom)
-Disorganized Speech (p symptom)
-Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior (p symptom)
-Persist for more than 1 month
Incidence and Prevalence of Schizophrenia
-0.6%-1.9% of population
-Women: 10 per 100,000
-Men: 15 per 100,000
Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
-Demographic Risk Factors (socioeconomic status, race and ethnicity)
-Prenatal Risk Factors (pregnancy and/or birth complications)
-Genetics
-Environmental Risk Factors (childhood aversity or trauma, cannabis use)
Dopamine and Schizophrenia
-Decreased dopaminergic activity in mesocortcial pathway = negative symptoms of schizophrenia
-Increased dopaminergic activity in mesocortical pathway = positive symptoms of schizophrenia
-Tuberoinfundibular pathway spans from hypothalamus to pituitary gland
-Nigrostriatal pathway spans from substantia nigra to striatum
