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Neuroanatomy > Chapter 14 Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Basal Ganglia

A

-Movement (descending pathway)
-Cognition
-Emotion
-Drug addiction
-Psychiatric disease

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2
Q

Components of the Basal Ganglia

A

-Striatum
-Globus Pallidus (internal and external)
-Ventral pallidum
-Subthalamic nucleus
-Substantia nigra
-Ventral tegmental area

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3
Q

Parts of the striatum

A
  1. Nucleus accumbens
  2. Putamen
  3. Caudate Nucleus
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4
Q

Components of Basal Ganglia involved in cognition and eye movement control

A

Caudate Nucleus and Substatnia nigra (pars reticulata)

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5
Q

Components of Basal Ganglia involved in control of limb and trunk movements

A

Putamen and Globus pallidus (internal)

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6
Q

Components of Basal Ganglia involved in emotions

A

Nucleus accumbens and Ventral pallidum

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7
Q

Components of Basal Ganglia involved in motor, cognition, and emotions

A

Globus pallidus (external), subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra (pars compacta)

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8
Q

Components of Basal Ganglia involved in emotions of intrinsic nuclei

A

Ventral pallidum and ventral tegmental area

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9
Q

Medial to internal capsule:

A

-Thalamus (not part of basal ganglia)
-Caudate nucleus

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10
Q

Lateral to internal capsule

A

-Putamen
-Globus pallidus externa
-Globus pallidus interna

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11
Q

Where does the basal ganglia project back to?

A

-ONLY to the frontal cortex

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12
Q

Input Nuclei

A

-Striatum (Caudate nucleus, putamen, nucleus accumbens)

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13
Q

Output Nuclei

A

-GPI
-Substantia nigra (reticulata)
-Ventral pallidum

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14
Q

Is Glutamate Inhibitory or Excitatory

A

Excitatory

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15
Q

Is GABA Inhibitory or Excitatory

A

Inhibitory

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16
Q

Is Dopamine Inhibitory or Excitatory

A

Excitatory or Inhibitory

17
Q

Direct Path of Basal Ganglia (loop)

A

-Frontal lobe -> Input Nuclei -> Output Nuclei -> Thalamus -> Frontal Cortex
-Glut -> GABA -> GABA -> Glut (in between arrows)
-Increased movement

18
Q

Indirect Path of Basal Ganglia (u-shaped)

A

Frontal lobe -> Input Nuclei -> GPE and Ventral pallidum -> Subthalamic nucleus -> Output Nuclei -> Thalamus -> Frontal lobe
Glut -> GABA -> GABA/Glut (back and forth) -> Glut -> GABA -> Glut
-Decreased movement

19
Q

Describe the Skeletomotor Loop

A

Primary Somatosensory Cortex -> Putamen -> GPI and SNr -> Ventral anterior and Ventral lateral -> Primary motor/premotor/supplementary motor area

20
Q

Function of Skeletomotor Loop

A

-Roles in control of facial, limb, and trunk musculature

21
Q

Describe the Oculomotor Loop

A

Posterior parietal and prefrontal -> Caudate (body) -> SNr and GPi -> Ventral anterior and Medial dorsal -> Frontal eye field and supplementary eye field

22
Q

Function of Oculomotor Loop

A

-Role in saccadic (rapid) eye movement

23
Q

Describe the Associative Loop

A

Posterior parietal and middle/inferior temporal lobe -> Caudate (head) -> SNr and GPi -> Ventral anterior and Medial Dorsal -> Prefrontal and Premotor

24
Q

Function of Associative Loop

A

-Role in cognition and executive behavioral functions (ex: strategic planning)

25
Q

Describe the Limbic Loop

A

-Medial/lateral temporal lobes and Hippocampal formation -> Ventral striatum -> Ventral pallidum and GPI and SNr -> Ventral anterior and Medial dorsal -> anterior cingulate gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex

26
Q

Function of Limbic Loop

A

-Role in motivational regulation of behavior and in emotions

27
Q

Caudate Nucleus buldges into

A

-Lateral ventricle

28
Q

What does Huntington’s Disease do to Basal Ganglia?

A

-Causes large ventricles due to caudal nucleus being degenerated

29
Q

What does Parkinson’s Disease do to Basal Ganglia?

A

-Subsantria Nigra shows up white and degenerated due to degradation of dopaminergic neurons

Neuroanatomy (8 decks)

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