Mental heath Core Conditions Flashcards
1
Q
Prevalence of depression?
A
5-10%
2
Q
Who gets depression?
A
2/3 adults experience depressed mood
More common in people with backgrounds of asylum seeking, refugees
3
Q
Causes of depression?
A
Stress/traumatic event Physical/chronic illness Low self-esteem Postnatal 1st degree relative affected Alcohol/drugs abuse Progesterone contraceptives CNS depressants Centrally active anti-HTN Lipid soluble B blockers Benzos
4
Q
Risk factors for depression?
A
Female Hx Chronic illness/disability Other metal illness Social stresses Lack of social support/loneliness
5
Q
Symptoms of depression?
A
Low mood Hopeless/helpless Tearful Guilty Irritable No motivation/interest (anhedonism) Anxious Suicidal/self harm Slowed movement/speech Appetite/weight changes Constipation Aches Loss of energy and libido Menstrual changes Sleep disturbances
6
Q
Differentials for depression?
A
Bipolar affective disorder Schizophrenia Dementia SAD Bereavement Amphetamine withdrawal Organic causes (hypothyroidism, Cushing's, corticosteroid treatment)
7
Q
Investigations for depression?
A
PHQ-9 Hospital anxiety and depression scale Beck depression inventory MMSE Bloods Brain imaging
8
Q
Treatment for depression?
A
Watchful waiting Exercise Diet SSRIs ECT as last line
9
Q
% of population affected by anxiety?
A
4-6%
10
Q
Causes of anxiety?
A
Stressful event
NA/serotonin imbalances
Genetics, environments and biological processes
11
Q
Risk factors for anxiety?
A
35-54 Divorced Loneliness FHx YA for GAD/social anxiety Female Low income Social support of avoidance Adolescents who smoke Girls who began puberty early
12
Q
DSM symptoms of anxiety?
A
Excessive anxiety for more days than not over 6 months PLUS 3 or more of these symptoms: Restlessness Easily fatigued Difficulty focusing Muscle tension Sleep disturbances PLUS at least 4 from: Palpitations Sweating Shaking Dry mouth SOB Choking Chest pain Nausea Dizzy Unsteady Derealisation Depersonalisation ETC ETC
13
Q
Differentials for anxiety?
A
Panic disorder OCD PTSD Phobias Social anxiety Acute stress disorder Schizphrenia Dementia Anxiety with depression Alcoholims Thyrothoxicosis Phaechromocytoma Hypoglycaemia
14
Q
Investigations for anxiety?
A
HR, BP, tremor MSE TFTs, ECG Urinalysis for phaechromocytoma EEG Pulmonary function test
15
Q
Treatment for anxiety?
A
CBT/applied relaxation SSRIs SNRIs Pregabalin Propanolol
16
Q
Who self harms?
A
F>M
Adolescents and YAs
5% done by >65
17
Q
Causes of self harm?
A
Coping with suicidal thoughts Release of emotions Social factors Trauma Emotional distress Low self esteem Mental illness Dissociation Hearing voices BPD
18
Q
Risk factors for self-harm?
A
Psychiatric conditions Drug/alcohol abuse Domestic violence Low SEC Young age South Asian Women
