Cardio Core Conditions Flashcards

Question

Causes of HTN?

Answer 1

``` FHx Low birth weight Lack of exercise Obesity Alcohol Smoking Stress High salt/fat diet Type II DM ```

Answer 2

>65 Ethnicity (black African) Same as causes

Answer 3

``` Persistent headache Blurred vision Nosebleeds SOB May be asymp >140/90mmHg each time it is taken Can be systolic, diastolic or both ```

Answer 4

``` Anxiety Sleep apnoea Cardiomyopathy Cocaine Congestive heart failure PE Hyperaldosteronism Hyperthyroidism MI Stroke ```

Answer 5

Urinalysis (protein/blood) U+E, creatinine, cholesterol, BM ECG Risk factor calculator (>2/10 = risk of developing cardio disease in next 10 years)

Answer 6

``` Lifestyle changes (lose weight, exercise eat healthy, restrict caffeine/alcohol, stop smoking) Diuretics ACEi Angiotensin II receptor antagonist Ca channel blockers B blockers ```

Answer 7

1 in 1,000

Answer 8

Anyone | Risk increases with age

Answer 9

``` Inactivity Post-surgery Damage to vessels (narrowing, vasculitis, varicose veins, chemo) Cancer Heart and lung disease Hepatitis RhA Thrombophilia Hughes syndrome Pregnancy OCP and HRT ```

Answer 10

``` Previous DVT/PE FHx Obesity Smoking Trauma ```

Answer 11

``` Can be asymp Red, hot, tender, swollen calf Engorged surface veins Ankle oedema Homan's sign Unilateral (usually) PE = SOB, pleuritic chest pain, sudden collapse ```

Answer 12

``` Baker's cyst Cellulitis Congestive HF Calf muscle haematoma Pelvic/thigh mass/tumour compressing venous outflow Thrombophlebitis ```

Answer 13

Clinical picture D-dimer levels Ileofemoral thrombosis confirmed using B mode venous compression and doppler Venography (contrast + XR)

Answer 14

Warfarin and LMWH Once warfarin is in a good INR range heparin is stopped Compression stockings Exercises

Answer 15

Increases with age | M>F (young men are at higher risk of ischaemic heart disease)

Answer 16

``` Ischaemic heart disease HTN Cardiomyopathy following infection Drug abuse Side effect of prescription drugs AF Valvular heart disease Anaemia Hyperthyroidism ```

Answer 17

Male Increasing age Congenital cardiac disease Cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 18

``` Exertional dyspnoea Orthopnoea PND Fatigue Oedema Haemoptysis Pleural effusion Cardiomegaly 3rd and 4th heart sounds Elevated JVP Tachycardia Hypotension ```

Answer 19

1) No limitation in physical activity 2) Mild limitation 3) Marked limitation 4) Symptomatic at rest

Answer 20

``` Acute renal failure ARDS COPD Cirrhosis Emphysema MI Nephrotic syndrome PE ```

Answer 21

``` FBC, U+E, cardiac enzymes, BNP, TFT CXR ECG Echo Stress Echo Cardiac MRI ```

Answer 22

``` Diet and weight control Stop smoking Alcohol in moderation Exercise Flu vaccination Diuretics ACEi Angiotensinogen II receptor antagonist Beta blocker Aldosterone antagonists Cardiac glycosides (dig) Vasodilators Nitrates Aspirin and statins (IHD) Oral anticoags (AF) Ivabradine reduces HR by inhibiting channels in the SAN) Revascularisation Implanter cardioverter defib Pacemakers Cardiac transplant ```

Answer 23

Older people (uncommon in the young)

Answer 24

``` IHD HTN Infective cardiomyopathy Cor pulmonale Alcohol and drug abuse Side effect of prescribed drugs AF Valvular disease Anaemia Hyperthyroidism LV HF --> CCF ```

Answer 25

Male Congenital heart disease Cardiovascular risk factors

Answer 26

``` Fatigue Ankle oedema Leg/abdo oedema Exertional dyspnoea PND Nausea Abdo pain Increased urination Cold peripheries Weight loss Muscle wasting Tachypnoea Peripheral +/- central cyanosis Displaced apex bear RV heave 3rd and 4th heart sound Raised JVP Mitral/arotic murmurs Bilateral crackles Wheeze Pleural effusion Tender hepatomegaly (pulsatile in tricuspid regurg) Reduced peak flow ```

Answer 27

``` Aging Physical inactivity COPD Pulmonary fibrosis Pneumonia PE Post-partum cardiomyopathy Cirrhosis Nephrotic syndrome Pericardial disease DVT ```

Answer 28

``` FBC, U+E, cardiac enzymes, BNP, TFT CXR ECG Echo (inc stress test) Cardiac MRI ```

Answer 29

``` Lifestyle changes Diuretics ACEi ARA B Blockers Aldosterone antagonists Cardiac glycosides Vasodilators and nitrates Aspirin and statins (IHD) Anticoag (AF) Ivabradine to reduce HR Revascularisation Implantable cardioverter defib Pacemaker Cardiac transplant ```

Cardio Core Conditions Flashcards

(54 cards)