Haematology Core Conditions Flashcards
What values define anaemia for:
a) Men
b) Women and children
c) Pregnant women
a) <13g/dL
b) <12g/dL
c) <11g/dL
Relative vs absolute anaemia?
Relative = increased blood volume, normal cells Absolute = cell number reduced
Who gets iron def anaemia?
Premenopausal women with heavy periods
Pregnant women
Causes of IDA?
Excessive blood loss NSAID use GIT carcinoma G or D ulcer Heavy menses Dietary inadequacies (veggie) Failure to absorb Excessive need for iron
Risk factors for IDA?
Female Low birth weight Rapidly growing Vegetarian Frequent blood donor Pregnancy Heavy periods
Symptoms of IDA?
Fatigue Palpitations Headaches/dizzy SOB Angina Intermittent claudication Pallor Tachycardia HF Koilonychia Jaundice (heamolytic anaemia) Bone deformities (major thal) Leg ulcers (sickle cell)
Differentials for IDA?
Hereditary spherocytosis Thalassaemia Sideroblastic anaemias Anaemia of chronic disease Copper def Lead poisoning
Investigations for IDA?
Abdo exam (organomegaly) Bimanual exam + potential cervical smear PR for rectal bleeding/tenesmus FBC, blood ferritin Screen for coeliacs
Treatment for IDA?
200mg ferrous sulphate 2-3 times a day
Eat iron rich foods
Re check iron at 2-4 weeks
Who is primarily affected by macrocytic anaemia?
Women >60
FHx
Autoimmune disease
Causes of B12 deficiency megaloblastic anaemia?
Pernicious anaemia Post surgery (gastrectomy/ileal resection) Bacterial overgrowth Parasitic infection HIV Dietary deficiency
Causes of folate deficient megaloblastic anaemia?
Diet deficiency
Malabsorption
Increased demands
Haemolysis, leukaemia, rapid turnover from skin diseases
Other causes of megaloblastic anaemia?
Increased urinary output
Acute hepatitis
Dialysis
Drug induced deficiencies
Non-megaloblastic anaemia?
Alcohol Reticulocytosis Liver disease Hypothyroidism Pregnancy Myelodysplasia Myeloma Myeloproliferative disorder Aplastic anaemias
Risk factors for macrocytic anaemia?
Poor diet Lack of IF Removal of distal ileum Crohn's Chronic alcoholism Coeliac's Fish tapeworm infection Surgical removal of GIT Antacid use (chronic)
