Mental health (psychological disorders) (class 2)

Question 1

Causes of Anxiety disorders

Answer 1

Observational learning - Can also learn fears by observing others or by hearing misinformation from others

Catastrophic thinking - predicting terrible events despite lowprobability

Question 2

Mental disorders/illness

Answer 2

A pattern of mental symptoms causing significant problems in life

Also known as psychopathology

Question 3

Mental health stats

Answer 3

1 in 5 people will experience mental illness.

Every year:

8% of people experience a mood disorder

.3% experience schizophrenia

12% experience an anxiety disorder

2.5% experience an eating disorder

10% become disabled from a mental health disorder

Question 4

Persistent depressive disorder
(dysthymia)

Answer 4

Low-level depression of at least two years’ duration; feelings of inadequacy, sadness, low energy, poor appetite, decreased pleasure and productivity, and hopelessness

Question 5

Manic episode

Answer 5

Markedly inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, greatly decreased need for sleep, much more talkative than usual, racing thoughts, distractibility, increased activity level or agitation, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that can cause problems (like unprotected sex, excessive spending, reckless driving

Question 6

Hypomanic episode

Answer 6

A less intense and disruptive version of a manic episode; feelings of elation, grouchiness or irritability, distractibility, and talkativeness

Question 7

Cyclothymic disorder

Answer 7

Moods alternate between numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and numerous periods of depressive symptoms. Cyclothymia increases the risk of developing bipolar disorder

Question 8

Postpartum depression

Answer 8

A depressive episode that occurs within a month after childbirth in up to 15 percent of mothers.

A much more serious condition, postpartum psychosis, occurs in about 1 or 2 per 1000 childbirths, with psychotic symptoms, including command hallucinations to kill the infant or delusions that the infant is possessed by an evil
spirit.

Question 9

Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 9

Depressive episodes that display a seasonal pattern, most commonly beginning in fall or winter and improving in spring

Question 10

Disruptive mood dysregulation
disorder

Answer 10

For children under 18 years of age; they experience persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme, out-of-control behaviour

Question 11

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Answer 11

Occurs in females during the final week before the onset of menses, with marked mood swings, irritability, anger, and anxiety

Question 12

Cognition

Answer 12

Perceptions and interpretations of others, events and self

Someone’s thinking about an event or person could be distorted by a pattern of engrained false perception

Question 13

Affectively

Answer 13

Characterized by emotional intensity which is usually charged, range which can be wide, appropriateness which can be odd & strange and mood fluctuations with or without cause

Question 14

Intrapersonal functioning

Answer 14

Varies from enmeshment to disconnectedness

Question 15

Impulse control

Answer 15

Poor control, resulting in the person with a personality disorder being a risk for injury to self or other

Question 16

Schizophrenia and the Nervous System

Answer 16

During adolescence, the frontal lobes grow in volume
and lose many synapses. This pruning removes rarely
used synapses so that neural resources can be
directed to the more frequently used ones, making
the brain more efficient.

In adolescents who develop schizophrenia, too much
synaptic pruning occurs. They have fewer connections between neurons, which leads to a
smaller and less powerful prefrontal cortex

Question 17

Dopamine theory

Answer 17

Excessive dopamine activity and/or other neurotransmitters (associated with schizophrenia)

(norepinephrine, glutamate, and serotonin systems ).

Question 18

What happens to the schizophrenic brain

Answer 18

Low activity levels in frontal lobes.

Reduced volume in hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, front lobe grey matter.