mental health biology: neurons

Question 1

nerve cells that generate & transmit electrochemical impulses

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

contains the nucleus & is essential for life of the neuron

Answer 2

cell body

Question 3

transmit impulses toward the cell body

Answer 3

dendrites

Question 4

transmits impulses away from the cell body

Answer 4

axon

Question 5

carries receptors from periphery to the CNS

Answer 5

afferent neurons (sensory)

Question 6

carry impulses from CNS to effectors in periphery, such as muscles & glands

Answer 6

efferent neurons (motor)

Question 7

pathways between afferent & efferent neurons
accounts for thinking, feelings, learning, language, & memory

Answer 7

interneurons

Question 8

junction between 2 neurons

Answer 8

synapses

Question 9

space between axon of one neuron & dendrite of another

Answer 9

synaptic cleft

Question 10

chemical stored in neurons
electrical impulses cause a release of this
bind with receptor sites on the cell body

Answer 10

neurotransmitter

Question 11

functions including: sleep, arousal, pain perception, modulation & coordination of movement, memory

Answer 11

Cholinergics: Acetylcholine

Question 12

increased Acetylcholine levels

Answer 12

depression

Question 13

decreased Acetylcholine levels

Answer 13

Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s

Question 14

functions: mood, cognition, perception, locomotion, cardiovascular function, sleep, arousal

Answer 14

Monoamines: Norepinephrine

Question 15

decreased Norepinephrine levels

Answer 15

depression

Question 16

increased Norepinephrine levels

Answer 16

mania, anxiety, schizophrenia

Question 17

functions: movement & coordination, emotions, voluntary judgement, release of prolactin

Answer 17

Monoamines: Dopamine

Question 18

decreased Dopamine levels

Answer 18

Parkinson’s, depression

Question 19

increased Dopamine levels

Answer 19

mania, schizophrenia

Question 20

functions: sleep & arousal, libido, appetite, mood, aggression, pain, perception, coordination, judgement

Answer 20

Monoamines: Serotonin

Question 21

increased Serotonin levels

Answer 21

anxiety

Question 22

decreased Serotonin levels

Answer 22

depression

Question 23

functions: wakefulness, pain sensation, inflammatory response

Answer 23

Monoamines: Histamine

Question 24

decreased Histamine levels

Answer 24

depression

Question 25

functions: interrupts progression of electrical impulses at synaptic junction

Answer 25

Amino Acids: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

Question 26

decreased GABA levels

Answer 26

Huntington’s, anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy

Question 27

functions: inhibits motor neurons

Answer 27

Amino Acids: Glycine

Question 28

toxic Glycine levels

Answer 28

“glycine encephalopathy”

Question 29

decreased Glycine levels

Answer 29

spastic motor movements

Question 30

functions: relays sensory information that relays sensory information & regulates reflexes

Answer 30

Amino Acids: Glutamate & Aspartate

Question 31

decreased Glutamate & Aspartate levels

Answer 31

schizophrenia

Question 32

increased Glutamate & Aspartate levels

Answer 32

Huntington’s, anxiety, depression

Question 33

functions: regulation of pain

Answer 33

Neuropeptides: Substance P

Question 34

decreased Substance P levels

Answer 34

Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s

Question 35

increased Substance P levels

Answer 35

depression

Question 36

functions: growth hormone inhibiting

Answer 36

Neuropeptides: Somatostatin

Question 37

decreased Somatostatin levels

Answer 37

Alzheimer’s