mental health biology: brain Flashcards
study of biological foundations of cognitive, emotional, & behavioral processes
psychobiology
forebrain
composed of the cerebrum & diencephalon
midbrain
composed of the mesencephalon
hindbrain
composed of the pons, medulla, & cerebellum
-2 hemispheres, deep groove that connects: corpus callosum
-200 million neurons
cerebrum
logic & problem solving
left hemisphere
creative brain
right hemisphere
-consists of grey matter
-gyri: folds
-sulci: deep grooves between the folds
cerebral cortex
four lobes of cerebral cortex/cerebrum
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
-voluntary movements
-right side controls left side of the body
-left side controls right side of the body
-emotional experience: mood & character
frontal lobe
somatosensory input:
touch, pain, pressure, taste, temp, perception of joint/body position, visceral sensations
parietal lobe
-auditory functions
-short term memory
-expression of emotions
-language interpretation
temporal lobe
visual reception & interpretation
occipital lobe
connects the cerebrum with lower structures of the brain
diencephalon
diencephalon
composed of thalamus, hypothalamus, & amygdala
integrates all sensory input (except smell)
blocks minor sensations, allowing person to focus on one event
thalamus
regulates pituitary gland
regulates appetite, temperature, & autonomic nervous system
hypothalamus
part of the brain known as the limbic system
“the emotional brain”: feelings of fear, anxiety, anger, rage, aggression, & love, joy, hope
amygdala
mescencephalon
contains pons, medulla, & cerebellum
integrates reflexes:
visual, auditory, righting reflexes
mesencephalon
connections for cranial nerves V through VIII
centers for respiration & skeletal muscle tone
pons
regulates HR , BP, & respiration
reflex centers for swallowing, sneezing, coughing, & vomiting
connections for cranial nerves IX through XII
medulla
involuntary movements: muscular tone, coordination, & posture/equilibrium
cerebellum
study of the interaction between the nervous system & endocrine system, & the effects of various hormones on cognitive, emotional, & behavioral functioning
neuroendocrinology
-conserves body water & maintains normal BP
-stimulated by stress, pain, dehydration
-released by posterior pituitary
Antidiuretic Hormone: ADH
-stimulates contraction of uterus & release of milk
-released in response to stress & sexual arousal
-released by posterior pituitary
Oxytocin
-growth in children, protein synthesis in adults
-released by anterior pituitary
Growth Hormone: GH
-needed for metabolism of food & regulation of temperature
-released by anterior pituitary
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: TSH
-stimulates secretion of cortisol, in response to stress
-released by anterior pituitary
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone: ACTH
-stimulation of milk production
-released by anterior pituitary
Prolactin
-stimulation of secretion of estrogen, progesterone, & testosterone
-role in ovulation & sperm production
-released by anterior pituitary
Gonadotropic Hormones: FSH & LH
-stimulation of secretion of melatonin
-released by anterior pituitary
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
24 hour cycle influencing regulatory functions:
sleep-wake cycle, body temperature regulation, patterns of activity (eating & drinking), hormone secretion
circadian rhythms
the study of biological transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring
genetics
total set of genes present
genotype
observable characteristics from genotype
phenotype
