Mental Health across the lifespan Flashcards
Impact of mental health disorders on life expectancy?
Bipolar; reduction between 9-20 years
Schizophrenia; reduction between 10-20 years
Drug and alcohol abuse; between 9-24 years
Recurrent depression; between 7-11 years
When does depression tend to start?
Peak age of onset; 13-15 years
Early adulthood
What is the peak age of onset of BAD?
16-20 years
Different types of bipolar affective disorder?
Type 1 Type 2 Mixed Rapid cycling Ultrarapid cycling Cyclothymic
At what age can you diagnose personality disorders?
After age 18
Common illnesses in childhood and adolescence?
ADHD
ASD
When is separation anxiety considered normal?
Age 7 months through preschool years
What are disruptive behaviours called in those under 12?
Oppositional defiant disorder
What are disruptive behaviours called in those over 12?
Conduct disorder
What is a common presentation of trauma and attachment disorders?
PTSD type symptoms (anger, avoidance)
Oppositional behaviours
Quasi psychotic symptoms
High co-mob with other mental illnesses
What are presentations seen in primary age children that tend not the be related to a mental illness?
Developmental appropriate anxiety (stranger, separation, specific phobia) Hyperactivity and short attention span Grandiose ideas and overtalkativeness Imaginary friends Intense interest Onset of non impairing tics
What are presentations seen in secondary age children that tend not the be related to a mental illness?
Mood swings
Sullenness, withdrawal, irritability
Sleep changes
Peer pressure influencing thoughts (superficial self harming, voicing suicidal thoughts without features of mental illness)
Rituals and OCD type behaviour
Intrusive thoughts and pseudohallucinations
Who should be involved in the treatment of children and young adults with mental disorders?
Mental health team from an MDT approach
Family (therapy, parenting courses)
School
Social; child protection, children’s reporter
What is puerperal psychosis?
Acute, sudden onset of psychotic symptoms, manic symptoms/disinhibition, confusion
Psychiatric emergency due to safeguarding issues
Presents between 2-4 weeks postpartum
Risk factors for puerperal psychosis?
Previous thyroid disorder Previous episode Family history First pregnancy C-section Perinatal death
How many women experience postnatal depression?
1 in 10 women
50-75% of women will experience a short lived postnatal blues
Onset of postnatal depression?
1-4 weeks postpartum
Risk factors for postnatal depression?
Family or personal history of depression or anxiety Complicated pregnancy Traumatic birth Relationship difficulties History of abuse/trauma Lack of supprort financial difficulties
Characteristics of delirium?
Acute onset
Hours to weeks
Fluctuates (worse at night(
Attention decreased or hyperalert
Causes of delirium?
I WATCH DEATH:
Infections: UTI, pneumonia, encephalitis
Acute: electrolyte disturbances, dehydration, acidosis/alkalosis, hepatic/renal failure, Toxins/drugs; opiates, aspirin, indomethacin, dilantin
CNS pathology; stroke, TIA, tumours, seizures, haemorrhage, infection
Hypoxia; anaemia, pul/cardiac failure, hypotension
Deficiencies; thiamine, B12
Endocrine; thyroid, hypo/hyperglycemia, adrenal dysfunction, hyperparathyroid
Acute vascular shock; hypertensive encephalopathy
Trauma; head injury, post-op, hypo/hyperthermia
Heavy metals; lead, mercury, manganese
What is pseudodementia?
Fluctuating loss of memory Vagueness Good insight into memory loss Depressed mood Not progressive Frequent "I don't know" answers Responds to medication/ ECT
Risk factors for late onset depression?
Genetic susceptibility
Life events
Social factors (loneliness, financial hardship)
Poor physical health (esp vascular disease)
