Mental health Flashcards
Normality definition.
Having thoughts, feelings and behaviours that are considered common + acceptable.
What are the different types of approaches to normality?
- Situational.
- Societal and Cultural.
- Historical.
- Statistical.
- Functional.
- Medical.
Situational.
Different situations require specific behaviours.
Societal/Cultural.
Society has ‘norms’ and rules which govern behaviour.
Historical.
As time moves on, what ‘normal’ means changes.
Statistical.
Normality defined in terms of what is frequent in population.
Functional.
Normality is dependent on the person being able to carry out their normal activities.
Medical.
Viewing a mental disorder in terms of a physical illness with a possible biological basis.
Typical behaviour
The usual behaviour of an individual.
Atypical behaviour.
Unusual behaviour; individual actings ‘out of character.’
Adaptive behaviour
Adjusts behaviour to accomodate the situation or environment your in.
Maladaptive behaviour.
Interferes with the individuals ability to adjust to the environment (behaviour wise).
Mental health.
Current state of a persons psychological functioning and wellbeing. May experience different psychological states.
Mental Health problem.
- Less severe.
- Shorter duration than the disorder.
- resolve with time or when the stress passes.
If it increases in severity, it may develop into a disorder.
Mental disorder.
Behaviours/thoughts/feelings which affect the ability to function efficiently in everyday life.
- Clinically diagnosable dysfunction in thoughts, feelings and/or behaviours.
- causes distress or disability in everyday life.
Internal factors; influencing mental health.
Stems from within an individual, relates to biological (Genetics) and psychological (attitude) functioning.
Eg:
External factors; influencing mental health.
Stems outside of an individual and arises from the environment, social influences.
Eg; John being made fun of because of how he walks and being avoided etc.
Biophychosocial model functions:
- Biological factors
- Psychological factors.
- Social factors.
Biological factors meaning.
Genetic makeup and physiological functioning of the body.
Eg; Genetics.
Psychological factors meaning.
Cognitive and affective functioning.
Eg; Emotions, whilst John was on his medication he was miserable. When he was holding his child, the baby was crying and he had a sad look on his face.
Social factors meaning.
Individuals interact with their external environment and other people.
Eg;
What is schizophrenia?
A severe disturbance in thoughts, emotions and behaviour.
A psychotic disorder.
Psychosis meaning
Individuals’ grasp of reality is impaired + inaccurate.
Psychotic diorder.
Categorised by the state of psychosis.
What are the causes of schizophrenia?
No singular cause, a combination of factors;
- Alcohol/drug use.
- Smoking.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Dopamine, is overactive in patients with schizophrenia.
Symptons.
- Delusions.
- Hallucinations.
- Disorganised speech.
- Lack of emotion. (John Nash)
- Social withdrawal.
Two Hit Hypothesis.
Framework suggesting that schizophrenia arises due to a genetic factor followed by an environmental factor.
First Hit.
Genetics;
- Disruption to the brain impacts brain development.
- Malfunction of genes.
Second hit.
Environmental factors;
- Trauma.
- Conflict.
- Stress.
Treatment. (Schizophrenia)
No cure.
- Therapy.
- Antipsychotic Medication.
Categories of disorders:
- Addiction disorder.
- Anxiety disorder.
- Mood disorder.
- Personality disorder.
- Psychotic disorder.
Addiction disorder.
Dependence on a particular substance or behaviour despite the consequences.
Eg. Gambling disorder.
Anxiety disorder.
Extreme, ongoing worry and distress.
Eg. Social anxiety.
Mood disorder.
disabling lower or heightening of mood.
Eg. Depression.
Personality disorder.
Enduring personality traits and behaviours that diverge significantly from cultural and societal norms, causing stress or harm for an individual.
Eg; Narcissistic.
Psychotic disorder.
Individuals’ grasp of reality is impaired and inaccurate.
Eg. Schizophrenia.
DSM; Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health.
- Descriptive; doesn’t specify cause or treatment for the condition.
- Used for diagnosis and based on symptoms that are reported or behaviours exhibited.
BENEFITS of Diagnosis and labelling disorders.
- Assists mental health professionals in targetings appropriate treatment.
- Provides individuals with reassurance and understanding.
LIMITATIONS of Diagnosis and labelling the disorder.
- Stigma (disgrace).
- Over and under diagnosis.
- Categories are too culturally specific.
Coping
The ability to meet change, challenges and setbacks
Depression causes
- Stressful events.
- Illness.
- Genetics.
- Loneliness.
- Alcohol + drugs
Depression symptoms.
- Anxiety.
- Social isolation.
- Suicidal thoughts.
- Weight loss/gain.
- fatigue.
Depression treatment.
- Therapy.
- Antidepressants.
BPS; Depression.
B; Genetics.
P; Emotion.
S; Bullying.
BPS; Schizophrenia.
B; Genetics.
P; Stress.
S; Relationship breakdown
Mental health continuum.
Mentally Healthy — Mental Health Problem — Mental Disorder
