Brain damage. Flashcards
Plasticity meaning.
Brains ability to physically change in response to experience and learning.
What are the 2 types of plasticity?
Developmental + Adaptive.
Developmental plasticity.
Occurs in response to ageing and learning associated with maturity.
Adaptive plasticity.
Occurs in response to a need to adapt, such as in response to brain trauma and injury.
What are the 5 stages of developmental plasticity?
- Proliferation.
- Migration.
- Circuit formation (Synaptogenesis).
- Circuit pruning (Synaptic pruning).
- Myelination.
Proliferation.
When we are in the fetus, our neurons form.
Migration.
Newly formed neurons move to their destined location.
Circuit formation/Synaptogenesis.
Axons of neurons grow and form connections with nearby neurons creating synapses.
Synaptic pruning.
Elimination of excess neurons and synapses.
Occurs during infancy and early childhood.
Myelination.
Insulation of neurons to ensure efficient neural transmission.
Brain development during adolescent.
The brain relies on the amygdala to process information because the prefrontal cortex is still developing.
What can brain damage impact?
Biological, psychological and social functioning.
Biological functioning. (brain damage)
Loss of movement.
Psychological functioning. (brain damage).
memory loss, changes in mood + personality.
Social functioning. (brain damage).
Changes in relationships.
Adaptive plasticity.
The ability of the brain to change + recover in response to brain injury or learning.
Sprouting
Neurons developing new branches on dendrites or axon. (due to damage)
Rerouting.
Undamaged neurons forming new connections with one another.
Spatial Neglect.
Damage to the right parietal lobe. Ignores the left side of their world.
Eg. eating only the right side of the food on their plate.
Broca’s Aphasia.
Located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere.
- Speech is non-fluent.
- Difficulty with writing.
- Speaks in very short and simple sentences.
Wernicke’s Aphasia.
Temporal Lobe (Left hemisphere).
- Speech is fluent - but speaks nonsense / doesn’t make sense.
- Difficulty understanding/producing both written and spoken language.
