Brain damage.

Question 1

Plasticity meaning.

Answer 1

Brains ability to physically change in response to experience and learning.

Question 2

What are the 2 types of plasticity?

Answer 2

Developmental + Adaptive.

Question 3

Developmental plasticity.

Answer 3

Occurs in response to ageing and learning associated with maturity.

Question 4

Adaptive plasticity.

Answer 4

Occurs in response to a need to adapt, such as in response to brain trauma and injury.

Question 5

What are the 5 stages of developmental plasticity?

Answer 5

1. Proliferation.
2. Migration.
3. Circuit formation (Synaptogenesis).
4. Circuit pruning (Synaptic pruning).
5. Myelination.

Question 6

Proliferation.

Answer 6

When we are in the fetus, our neurons form.

Question 7

Migration.

Answer 7

Newly formed neurons move to their destined location.

Question 8

Circuit formation/Synaptogenesis.

Answer 8

Axons of neurons grow and form connections with nearby neurons creating synapses.

Question 9

Synaptic pruning.

Answer 9

Elimination of excess neurons and synapses.
Occurs during infancy and early childhood.

Question 10

Myelination.

Answer 10

Insulation of neurons to ensure efficient neural transmission.

Question 11

Brain development during adolescent.

Answer 11

The brain relies on the amygdala to process information because the prefrontal cortex is still developing.

Question 12

What can brain damage impact?

Answer 12

Biological, psychological and social functioning.

Question 13

Biological functioning. (brain damage)

Answer 13

Loss of movement.

Question 14

Psychological functioning. (brain damage).

Answer 14

memory loss, changes in mood + personality.

Question 15

Social functioning. (brain damage).

Answer 15

Changes in relationships.

Question 16

Adaptive plasticity.

Answer 16

The ability of the brain to change + recover in response to brain injury or learning.

Question 17

Sprouting

Answer 17

Neurons developing new branches on dendrites or axon. (due to damage)

Question 18

Rerouting.

Answer 18

Undamaged neurons forming new connections with one another.

Question 19

Spatial Neglect.

Answer 19

Damage to the right parietal lobe. Ignores the left side of their world.
Eg. eating only the right side of the food on their plate.

Question 20

Broca’s Aphasia.

Answer 20

Located in the frontal lobe of the left hemisphere.
- Speech is non-fluent.
- Difficulty with writing.
- Speaks in very short and simple sentences.

Question 21

Wernicke’s Aphasia.

Answer 21

Temporal Lobe (Left hemisphere).
- Speech is fluent - but speaks nonsense / doesn’t make sense.
- Difficulty understanding/producing both written and spoken language.