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Reproductive system > Menstruation, fertilisation quiz > Flashcards

Menstruation, fertilisation quiz Flashcards

1
Q

female gonads

A

ovaries

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2
Q

where are the ovaries located

A

slightly attached by ligaments to the uterus & the abdominal cavity

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3
Q

function to secrete estrogen & progesterone. Is the site of the release of the mature egg/ovum

A

Ovaries

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4
Q

provides a passageway for the delivery of baby & menstrual flow. Receives the penis & semen during sex. Acidic due to naturally occurring bacteria

A

Vagina

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5
Q

a muscular opening to uterus that prevents fetus from entering birth canal prematurely. Seperates vagina from uterus. Pap smear involves taking sample cells from _.

A

cervix

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6
Q

receives the embryo (implantation) and sustains life during development

A

uterus

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7
Q

lining of uterus that provides nourishment for developing embryo. If pregnancy does not occur, it is shed monthly & forms flow phase

A

endometrium

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8
Q

passage for egg from ovary to uterus. Lined with cilia to help move egg towards uterus. Fertilisation occurs here. Female sterilization (tubal ligation) involves cutting & typing off _.

A

Fallopian tubes/oviduct

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9
Q

finger-like projectiles that cover the ends of fallopian tubes. Help direct ovum into oviducts

A

Fimbria

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10
Q

process where female gametes are produced. occurs in ovaries in specilized cells called follicles

A

oogenesis

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11
Q

contain two types of cells:primary oocyte(46 chromo.) and granulosa cells(similar to setoli cells) provide nutrients for developing oocytes.

A

follicles

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12
Q

1._ goes through meiosis, producing two new cells. One of the new cells called 2._ & other cell called 3._

A
  1. Primary oocyte
  2. Secondary oocyte
  3. Polar body
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13
Q

occurs where the secondary oocyte is released from ovary

A

ovulation

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14
Q

1._ waving draws the ovum into fallopian tube. Mieosis occurs again.Ovum moves down fallopian tube by 2.__ waving & by 3._

A
  1. Fimbrea
  2. Cilia
  3. Peristalsis
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15
Q

the follicles which surround the released egg remain in ovary & transform into __. (releases progesterone)

A

Corpus luteum

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16
Q

if pregnancy does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates & a scar is left on ovary called _

A

Corpus albicans

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17
Q

immature ovum(egg)

A

zzocyte

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18
Q

unfertilized ovum

A

ootid

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19
Q

egg cell

A

ovum (plural ova)

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20
Q

one secondary oocyte begins process of _ in fallopian tubes each month once puberty begins. _ will only be completed if egg is fertilized

A

Meiosis II

21
Q

means preparing uterus each month for possible implantation. Starts up at puberty when pituitary secretes FSH. Lasts until menopause

A

menstrual cycle

22
Q

shedding of the endomentrium. All hormone levels are low, pituitary secretes FSH which starts development of follicle in one ovary

A

Phase 1- Flow/Menstrual phase (days 1-5)

23
Q

Follicles are developing/swelling & releasing estrogen which causes endometrium to start building up again. Just prior to ovulation, the body temp takes a drop following a rise. as estrogen levels increase, negative feedback effect on secretion of fsh(decreases), positive effect on LH(increases)

A

Phase 2-Follicular phase (days 6-13)

24
Q

egg & a small amount of follicular fluid burst from ovary. Ovulation caused by surge in LH released by pituitary.

A

Phase 3- Ovulation (day 14)

25
Q

Remaining follicle transforms into corpus luteum which secretes estrogen & preogesterone. Proges. continues development of endometrium, inhibits further ovulation & inhibits uterine contractions. As proges. & estro. levels build up, they inhibit FSH & LH. without fsh, no further development of follicles. without lh, corpus luteum begin break down. Leads to decrease in estro. & proges. Once again, all hormone levels low & cycle repeats

A

Phase 4- Luteal phase (days 15-28)

26
Q

ovulation ceases, termination of female reproductive years. Fewer functioning follicles=drop in estro. proges. levels=endometrium does not thicken=menstrual cycle stops. Uterus & ovaries shrink, women become infertile.

A

Menopause

27
Q

between 4-6 hour after sex, the 1._ & 2._ will meet in fallopian tube to form a fertilized egg (3.__)

A
  1. Ovum
  2. sperm
  3. Zygote
28
Q

The _ requires 3-5 days to travel from fallopian tue to uterus. through its journey, cleavage occurs

A

Zygote

29
Q

the zygote goes through mitosis going from 2 cells, 4 cells, 8 cells, etc. without increasing size

A

Cleavage

30
Q

4 days after fertilization the mass of cells is referred to as

A

Morula

31
Q

By the time zygote reaches uterus, it is a _ (hallow ball of cells)

A

Blastocyst

32
Q

8-9 days after ovulation, the blastocyst embeds in endometrium (pregnant), (outer cells of the blastocyst release enzymes that digest endometrium)

A

implantation

33
Q

an early stage of embryo development. A fluid filled structure that is made of outer sphere of cells which form extraembryonic structures, inner cell mass from which emryo develops

A

Blastocyst

34
Q

During second week of development, inner cell mass moves to middle of blastocyst & becomes a 3-layered disk(this is the embryo)

A

Gastrula

35
Q

the embryonic disk is supported by short stalk that connects to blastocyst with endometrium

A

this becomes umbilical cord

36
Q

the process of forming the three-layered disk

A

gastrulation

37
Q

(outer layer) skin, hair, nails, spinal cord, sense organs

A

Ectoderm

38
Q

(middle layer) bone, muscles, connective tissues, blood, circulatory & excretory systems.

A

Mesoderm (meso=muscle)

39
Q

(inner layer) digestive tract, lining of digestive tract & respiratory tract, liver, lungs, pancreas, thyroid

A

Endoderm

40
Q

increase in size

A

Growth

41
Q

differentiation of cells (series of events that form distinct structures with cells that do different jobs)

A

Morphogenesis

42
Q

there are a number of mebranes that are external to the disk that are forming called _

A

extra-embryonic membranes

43
Q

produces human chorionic gonadotropic hormone(hCG)-acts like LH to maintain corpus luteum for first trimester; Maintains progesterone, which helps stop contractions, help form placenta, pregnacy test identiy hCG i urine

A

Chorion

44
Q

Fluid-filled sac that surrounds the embryo & protects it from infection, dehydration, impacts & temperature change.

A

Amnion

45
Q

site of blood cell informatation

A

yolk sac

46
Q

site of blood cell information

A

yolk sac

47
Q

grows outward, umbilical cord. provides umbilical vessels for placenta

A

Allantois

48
Q

disc-shape mass of spongy tissue that is formed from maternal endometrium & the chorionic vili from chorion layer of fetus. Allow exchange of gases, waste, nutrients & antibodies. Not able to filter out harmful substances

A

placenta

49
Q

any substance that causes birth defects-drugs, alcohol, environmental chemical,x-rays, disease

A

Teratogen

Reproductive system (3 decks)

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