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Reproductive System > Menstrual cycle > Flashcards

Menstrual cycle Flashcards

1
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

Around 28 days

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2
Q

Name the gonadotropins.

A

FSH - follicle stimulating hormone

LH - luteinising hormone

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3
Q

What are oestrogen & progesterone made of?

A

Cholesterol

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4
Q

Name the phases of the menstrual cycle. How long is each?

A

Follicular & Luteal

Both about 14 days long

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5
Q

What is GnRH?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

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6
Q

Where is GnRH released?

A

Hypothalamus

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7
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

Stimulates release of FSH from anterior pituitary gland

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8
Q

What happens when FSH levels rise?

A

A few follicles are stimulated, they compete for maturity as they develop. One wins

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9
Q

What does the ‘winning’ follicle do?

A

Secretes oestrogen

The oocyte begins to develop

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10
Q

What causes LH to be released?

A

When levels of oestrogen get high enough a positive feedback loop occurs

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11
Q

What effect does LH have?

A

It causes the follicle membrane to get thinner, rupture and thus release the oocyte (ovulation)

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12
Q

Describe what happens to the oocyte and where it goes after released from the follicle.

A

Matures into an ootid and then a mature ovum

Goes into peritoneal space, then to fallopian tube via fimbriae

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13
Q

What day does ovulation occur?

A

Day 14

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14
Q

What happens to the ruptured follicle?

A

FSH and LH cause it to become a corpus luteum

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15
Q

What does the corpus luteum do?

A

Releases progesterone

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16
Q

What does progesterone do?

A

Causes levels of FSH and LH to fall and therefore the corpus luteum to break down and progesterone release stops

17
Q

What hormone is released if the egg is fertilised?

A

hCG - human chorionic gonadotropin

18
Q

What effect does hCG have?

A

Maintains the corpus luteum, so progesterone continues to be released.
This prevents menstruation.

19
Q

What organ takes on the role of the corpus luteum if pregnancy occurs?

A

Placenta

20
Q

What is the follicular phase?

A

From hypothalamus releasing GnRH to release of oocyte and ovum’s journey to fallopian tube

21
Q

What is the luteal phase?

A

From the formation of the corpus luteum to its breakdown (if pregnancy does not occur)

22
Q

Describe hormone levels at start of menstrual cycle.

A

FSH - increasing
LH - low
Oestrogen - low
Progesterone - low

23
Q

Describe hormone levels during ovulation.

A

FSH - med/high
LH - high
Oestrogen - high
Progesterone - high

24
Q

Describe hormone levels just after ovulation.

A

FSH - med/low
LH - low
Oestrogen - high
Progesterone - increasing

25
Q

Describe hormone levels at start of menstruation.

A

FSH - low
LH - low
Oestrogen - decreasing
Progesterone - decreasing

26
Q

Name the stages in follicular development.

A 
Primordial follicle
↓
Primary follicle
↓
Secondary follicle
↓
Graafian follicle
↓
OVULATION
↓
Corpus luteum
↓
Corpus albicans

Reproductive System (13 decks)

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