menstrual cycle

Question 1

GnRH secreted by hypothalamus stimulates which hormones

Answer 1

FSH and LH

Question 2

menstrual phase

Answer 2

days 1-5

overies- primary follicles to secondary follicles by FSH

uterus- low oestrogen and progesterone which releases prostaglandins causing arterioles to constrict causing shedding

Question 3

Preovulatory Phase

Answer 3

ovaries- secondary follicles secrete oestrogen, makes graafian follicle

uterus- oestrogens released by follicles
endometrium thickens

Question 4

ovulatory phase

Answer 4

day 14/28 (14 days before menstruation)

ovaries- oestrogen gets more GnRH release
increases LH and FSH
LH- breaks graafian follicle and secondary oocyte comes out and into fallopian tube

uterus- progesterone and oestrogen cause thickening of endometrium

Question 5

post-ovulatory phase

Answer 5

last 14 days

ovary- collapsed follicle becomes corpus luteum by LH
secretes progestrogen and oestrogen

uterus- progresterone and oestrogen cause coiling, vasculisation and thickening of endometrium which secretes glycogen

Question 6

how long does a normal cycle last

Answer 6

24-38 days

bleeding no more than 8 days

Question 7

PMD and how diagnosed

Answer 7

when PMS affects lifestyle

symptom diary and present for 2 cycles

Question 8

PMS symptoms physical

Answer 8

headache, spots, weight gain, swelling, joint pain, fatigue

Question 9

management for PMD

Answer 9

reduce fat, sugar, caffeine, alcohol and increase fibre, fruit and frequent snacks

Increasing exercise

vitamin B6

pill

Danazol- inhibiting the pituitary output of gonadotropins.

Transdermal oestrogen

GnRH agonist

SSRI’s

Question 10

management for heavy bleeding

Answer 10

1- mirena coil -Slowly releases localised progesterone and prevents thickening of the endometrium

2- tranexamic acid- anti fibrinolytic then pill if not

3- Norethisterone
Prevents thickening of the endometrium

4- DMPA
Long acting progestogen, supresses ovulation and prevents thickening of the endometrium