Menopause

Question 1

meopause

Answer 1

no menses for >1 year; last menses,

Question 2

perimenopause

Answer 2

is the time surrounding it

Question 3

what is the mean age of natural menopause?

Answer 3

51.5 yrs, 95% of women stop mensturating btw 44 and 55 years

Question 4

what is associated w/ early menopause?

Answer 4

smoking!

Question 5

premature menopause?

Answer 5

cessation of menses before age 40

Question 6

what hormones are still circulating after menopause?

Answer 6

• testosterone
• androstenedione
• estrone

Question 7

what is the first sign of menopause?

Answer 7

menstraul irregularities

Question 8

CF of menopause

Answer 8

• hot flashes and vasomotor instability (usually resolve in 2-3 yrs; 3-6 wks w/ estrogen replacement therapy)
• urogenital atropy: may cuase poor vaginal lubrication, dyspareunia, dysuria, urge incontinence, pelvic relaxation, atrophic cystitis, easy bleeding
• caruncles, leucorrhea (whitish-discharge)
• accelerated bone loss
• changes in sleep cycles

-skin thins, becomes less elastic, facial hair may incrase, hair loss, brittle nails

Question 9

dx of menopause?

Answer 9

FSH > than 30 mIU/ML

Question 10

tx of menopause?

Answer 10

combined hormone replacement therapy

Question 11

what are some ADR and associations of CHRT

Answer 11

increased risk for CVD, Breast CA, congnitive changes, migraine, gallbladder dz

Question 12

what are CI for HRT

Answer 12

undix vaginal bleed, acute vascular thrombosis, hx of estrogen dependent tumores

Question 13

what else can be used for other isseus?

Answer 13

Ca/Vit D suppliments, bisphosphonates, SERMs, calcitonin

Question 14

what about unopposed strogen administration?

Answer 14

endometrail cancer