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Infection > Meningitis > Flashcards

Meningitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the clinical features of meningitis?

A

Headache

Photophobia

Vomiting

Neck rigidity with flexion

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2
Q

If you suspect a patient of having meningitis, what investigations must you perform?

A

Blood cultures

Lumbar puncture

FBC

LFT’s

U&E’s

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3
Q

What is the apperance of CSF in a case of bacterial meningitis?

A

Cloudy

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4
Q

What is the predominant cell type found in CSF in bacterial meningitis?

A

Neutrophils

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5
Q

What happens to glucose levels in CSF in bacterial meningitis?

A

Reduced

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6
Q

What happens to the amount of protein found in CSF in bacterial meningitis?

A

Greatly increased

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7
Q

What is the predominant cell type found in CSF in viral meningitis?

A

Lymphocytes

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8
Q

What are the main bacteria responsible for bacterial meningitis?

A

Strep pneumoniae

Neisseria meningitidis

Haemophilius Influenzae

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9
Q

What are the main groups meningitis infections in children and adults?

A

Meningococcal

Pneumococcal

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10
Q

What is the epidemiology of meningococcal/neisseria infections?

A

Children

Young adults

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11
Q

What should be suspected when meningitis symptoms come on with extreme suddenness and are associated with reduced consciousness and shock?

A

Meningococcal septicaemia

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12
Q

What is the classic feature of meningococcal disease that must not be missed?

A

Purpuric rash that does not blanch

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13
Q

What type of rash occurs in meningitis without septicaemia?

A

Petechial

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14
Q

How is meningococcal meningitis or sepsis treated?

A

Penicillin

Ceftriaxone

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15
Q

What is the epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Older adults

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16
Q

What type of bacteria are associated with meningococcal infections?

A

Gram -ve cocci

17
Q

What type of bacteria are associated with pneumococcal infections?

A

Gram +ve cocci

18
Q

What are the differntiators between meningococcal and pneumococcal infections?

A

Pneumococcal infections:

Altered conscious level

Focal neurological signs

19
Q

How is pneumococcal meningitis treated?

A

High dose ceftriaxone

20
Q

In which age groups are viral meningitis most likely to occur?

A

Young adults

Children

21
Q

What bacteria are most common in viral meningitis?

A

Echovirus

Coxsackie

22
Q

What investigation should be performed in viral meningitis?

A

PCR of CSF

Infection (14 decks)

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