Antimicrobial Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What factors are important when deciding whether to use IV or Oral antimicrobials?

A

Oral bio-availability - Ratio of the drug level when given orally compared to level if given IV

Oral route:

  • Not vomitting
  • Normal GI function
  • No shock
  • No organ dysfunction

IV route:

  • For severe or deep-seated infection
  • When oral route is not reliable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the spectrum of actions of different antimicrobial groups?

A

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Inhibition of Protein synthesis

Inhibition of Nucleic acid Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the advantage of using single therapy?

A
  • Simpler
  • Fewer side effects
  • Fewer drug interactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the advantages of using combination antimicrobial therapy?

A
  • Good for HIV and TB therapy
  • Good for sepsis
  • Good for mixed organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why is it important to monitor the number of antibiotics being prescribed?

A
  • Overuse of broadspectrum antibiotics can lead to infection outbreaks (e.g. Vale of Leven)
  • Reduce the 4 C’s (Ciprofloxacin, Co-Amoxiclav, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the commonly encountered adverse effects of antimicrobials?

A

1) Allergic reactions (immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions)
2) GI - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea
3) Candida (Thrush)
4) Liver problems
5) Renal problems
6) Neurological (ototoxicity - gentamicin, vancomycin)
7) Haematological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the common diseases treated with antivirals?

A

Herpes virus

HIV

Hepatitis B & C

Influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What antiviral is used to treat herpes?

A

Herpes - Aciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What antiviral is used to treat HIV?

A

HIV - Tenofovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which antiviral drug is used to treat hepatitis B&C

A

Tenofovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which antiviral is used to treat influenza?

A

Oseltamivir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the most likely organisms causing a soft tissue infection?

A

Strep pyogenes

Staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How should soft tissue infections be treated?

A

Flucoloxacilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which group of antibiotic kill bacteria cells?

A

Beta-lactams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which group of antibiotics stop bacteria cells from increasing in number?

A

Macrolides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The list the penicilin based antibiotics

A

Benzylpenicillin

Pencillin V

Amoxicillin

Flucloxacillin

Co-amoxiclav

17
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat C diff infection?

A

Metronidazole

OR

Vancomycin

18
Q

What are the severity markers used to assess someone with C.diff?

A

Temperature > 38.5

Suspicion of pseudomembranous colitis or toxic megacolon

Evidence of severe colitis on CT

WBC > 15X10^9

Rising serum creatinine

19
Q

Which antibiotics are associated with increased risk of C.diff?

A

Cephalosporins

Co-amoxiclav

Ciprofloxacin

Clindamycin

20
Q

What medications are used to eradicate H.pylori?

A

1 - PPI

2 - Amoxicilin

3 - Metronidazole (or clarithromycin)

‘Triple therapy’

21
Q

How is gastroenteritis treated?

A

Fluid replacement

No need for antibiotics

22
Q

How is intra-abdominal sepsis treated?

A

Amoxiciln

Metranidazole

Gentamicin

23
Q

How is bacterial vaginosis treated?

A

Metronidazole

24
Q

How is chlamydia treated?

A

Doxycyline

25
How is pelvic inflammatory disease treated?
Metronidazole AND Doxycyline
26
How is vaginal candidiasis treated?
Fluconazole cream
27
How is Lyme disease treated?
Doxycyline
28
How is suspected meningococcal (meningitis) disease treated?
Ceftriaxone
29
How is osteomyelitis treated?
Flucloxacillin
30
How is septic arthritis treated?
Flucolaxillin
31
How is otitis externa treated?
Acetic acid
32
How is otitis media treated?
Amoxicilin
33
How is acute rhinosinusitis treated?
Do not treat if uncomplicated If persistent and purulent nasal discharge consider: Amoxicillin
34
How is an acute sore throat treated?
Avoid antibiotic treatment