Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

X Infectious Diseases > Meningitis 1 > Flashcards

Meningitis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is meningitis?

A

infection of the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are typical symptoms of meningitis?

A

fever, headache, confusion, neck stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are other associated symptoms of meningitis?

A

seizues, stroke, rash, arthritis, sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 4 bacteria that cause meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria species (monocytogenes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in babies under the age of 1 month, what is the most likely cause of meningitis?

A

15% get it with any bacteraemia

70% Escherichia coli, group B streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in babies over 1 month old, what is the most likely cause of meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae 45%

Neisseria meningitidis 33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the most common cause of meningitis under the age of 19?

A

Neisseria meningitidis 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what complications can bacterial meningitis lead to?

A 
Seizures
Deafness
Cognitive dysfunction
Blindness
Limb loss in sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in which age group?

A

over 60s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the median age of meningitis incidence?

A

42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in terms of geographical location, Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with what/where?

A

HIV in sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in terms of geographical location, Neisseria meningitidis is associated with what/where?

A

epidemics common in sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in terms of geographical location, TB meningitis is associated with what/where?

A

south east Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what ages usually get meningitis?

A

Neonates particularly susceptible
Toddlers
Young adults
Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which immunocompromised groups are susceptible to meningitis?

A

HIV

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the meningitis belt?

A

sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what 4 viruses can cause meningitis?

A

Enterovirus (non polio) 80% of all cases
Mumps
Measles
West Nile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what parasite can cause meningitis?

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what fungi can cause meningitis?

A

Cryptoccocus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are meningitis-causing organisms usually found?

A

in the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is viral meningitis worse than bacterial, or not as serious?

A

not as serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how much CSF can you take at a time?

A

up to 150ml

23
Q

how much CSF is produced in 24hrs?

24
Q

what does normal CSF look like?

A

clear and colourless

25
what is the pH of CSF?
7.3
26
which white blood cells are not present in the CSF?
neutrophils
27
how much protein does CSF usually contain?
0.2-0.4g/L
28
how much glucose does CSF usually contain?
3.3-4.4mmol/L
29
what 4 things must a pathogen do to cause meningitis?
Colonise and invade mucosa Survive in the blood stream Cross the blood-brain barrier Survive within the CSF
30
what host defences are there against meningitis?
``` Secretory IgA Cellular cilia activity Mucosal epithelium Complement antibacterial activity Cerebral endothelium ```
31
what virulence factors do pathogens have to cause meningitis?
``` IgA protease secretion Ciliostasis Adhesive pili Cell surface avoids stimulating complement Rapid bacterial replication Capsule ```
32
what does virulence factor IgA protease do?
inactivates secretory antibody
33
what does virulence factor Ciliostasis do?
proteins to stop cilia moving
34
what does virulence factor Adhesive pili do?
help stick to endothelial/ endothelial lining in brain
35
what does virulence factor 'Cell surface avoids stimulating complement' mean?
sticks to cell surface without activating complement
36
give an example of a membrane damaging toxin
pneumolysin
37
what does pneumolysin do?
· leukotoxic · inhibits immune cell activity · activates complement-contributes to inflammation
38
what host mechanism stops organisms crossing the blood brain barrier?
cerebral endothelium
39
what host mechanism stops pathogen survival in the blood stream?
complement antibacterial activity
40
which host defensive mechanism does virulence Adhesive pili counter?
mucosal epithelium
41
what factors make a patient immunocompromised and thus susceptible to meningitis?
``` Asplenia Diabetes Alcohol HIV Hypogammaglobulinaemia ```
42
what is the route of entry of Neisseria meningitidis?
Nasopharynx
43
what is the route of entry of Streptococcus pneumoniae?
Nasopharynx/direct extension across skull fracture
44
what is the route of entry of Listeria monocytogenes?
Gastrointestinal tract, placenta
45
what is the route of entry of Coagulase-negative staphylococci?
foreign body
46
what is the route of entry of Staphylococcus aureus?
Bacteremia, foreign body, skin
47
what is the route of entry of Haemophilus influenzae?
Nasopharynx, contiguous spread from local infection
48
who does Neisseria meningitidis usually infect?
All ages
49
who does Streptococcus pneumoniae usually infect?
All ages
50
who does Listeria monocytogenes usually infect?
Older adults and neonates
51
who does Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci usually infect?
all ages
52
who does Gram-negative bacilli usually infect?
Older adults and neonates
53
who does Haemophilus influenzae usually infect?
Adults | infants and children if not vaccinated
54
how does meningitis spread?
Through blood due to sepsis Directly in ear infection/skull fractures

X Infectious Diseases (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions