Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

X Infectious Diseases > Meningitis 1 > Flashcards

Meningitis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is meningitis?

A

infection of the meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are typical symptoms of meningitis?

A

fever, headache, confusion, neck stiffness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are other associated symptoms of meningitis?

A

seizues, stroke, rash, arthritis, sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

name 4 bacteria that cause meningitis

A

Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis
Listeria species (monocytogenes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

in babies under the age of 1 month, what is the most likely cause of meningitis?

A

15% get it with any bacteraemia

70% Escherichia coli, group B streptococcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

in babies over 1 month old, what is the most likely cause of meningitis?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae 45%

Neisseria meningitidis 33%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the most common cause of meningitis under the age of 19?

A

Neisseria meningitidis 55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what complications can bacterial meningitis lead to?

A 
Seizures
Deafness
Cognitive dysfunction
Blindness
Limb loss in sepsis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in which age group?

A

over 60s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the median age of meningitis incidence?

A

42

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

in terms of geographical location, Streptococcus pneumoniae is associated with what/where?

A

HIV in sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

in terms of geographical location, Neisseria meningitidis is associated with what/where?

A

epidemics common in sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in terms of geographical location, TB meningitis is associated with what/where?

A

south east Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what ages usually get meningitis?

A

Neonates particularly susceptible
Toddlers
Young adults
Elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which immunocompromised groups are susceptible to meningitis?

A

HIV

Pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the meningitis belt?

A

sub saharan Africa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what 4 viruses can cause meningitis?

A

Enterovirus (non polio) 80% of all cases
Mumps
Measles
West Nile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what parasite can cause meningitis?

A

Naegleria fowleri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what fungi can cause meningitis?

A

Cryptoccocus neoformans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where are meningitis-causing organisms usually found?

A

in the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

is viral meningitis worse than bacterial, or not as serious?

A

not as serious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how much CSF can you take at a time?

A

up to 150ml

23
Q

how much CSF is produced in 24hrs?

A

600ml

24
Q

what does normal CSF look like?

A

clear and colourless

25
Q

what is the pH of CSF?

A

7.3

26
Q

which white blood cells are not present in the CSF?

A

neutrophils

27
Q

how much protein does CSF usually contain?

A

0.2-0.4g/L

28
Q

how much glucose does CSF usually contain?

A

3.3-4.4mmol/L

29
Q

what 4 things must a pathogen do to cause meningitis?

A

Colonise and invade mucosa
Survive in the blood stream
Cross the blood-brain barrier
Survive within the CSF

30
Q

what host defences are there against meningitis?

A 
Secretory IgA 
Cellular cilia activity
Mucosal epithelium
Complement antibacterial activity
Cerebral endothelium
31
Q

what virulence factors do pathogens have to cause meningitis?

A 
IgA protease secretion
Ciliostasis
Adhesive pili
Cell surface avoids stimulating complement
Rapid bacterial replication
Capsule
32
Q

what does virulence factor IgA protease do?

A

inactivates secretory antibody

33
Q

what does virulence factor Ciliostasis do?

A

proteins to stop cilia moving

34
Q

what does virulence factor Adhesive pili do?

A

help stick to endothelial/ endothelial lining in brain

35
Q

what does virulence factor ‘Cell surface avoids stimulating complement’ mean?

A

sticks to cell surface without activating complement

36
Q

give an example of a membrane damaging toxin

A

pneumolysin

37
Q

what does pneumolysin do?

A

· leukotoxic
· inhibits immune cell activity
· activates complement-contributes to inflammation

38
Q

what host mechanism stops organisms crossing the blood brain barrier?

A

cerebral endothelium

39
Q

what host mechanism stops pathogen survival in the blood stream?

A

complement antibacterial activity

40
Q

which host defensive mechanism does virulence Adhesive pili counter?

A

mucosal epithelium

41
Q

what factors make a patient immunocompromised and thus susceptible to meningitis?

A 
Asplenia
Diabetes
Alcohol
HIV
Hypogammaglobulinaemia
42
Q

what is the route of entry of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Nasopharynx

43
Q

what is the route of entry of Streptococcus pneumoniae?

A

Nasopharynx/direct extension across skull fracture

44
Q

what is the route of entry of Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Gastrointestinal tract, placenta

45
Q

what is the route of entry of Coagulase-negative staphylococci?

A

foreign body

46
Q

what is the route of entry of Staphylococcus aureus?

A

Bacteremia, foreign body, skin

47
Q

what is the route of entry of Haemophilus influenzae?

A

Nasopharynx, contiguous spread from local infection

48
Q

who does Neisseria meningitidis usually infect?

A

All ages

49
Q

who does Streptococcus pneumoniae usually infect?

A

All ages

50
Q

who does Listeria monocytogenes usually infect?

A

Olderadults and neonates

51
Q

who does Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-negative staphylococci usually infect?

A

all ages

52
Q

who does Gram-negative bacilli usually infect?

A

Older adults and neonates

53
Q

who does Haemophilus influenzae usually infect?

A

Adults

infants and children if not vaccinated

54
Q

how does meningitis spread?

A

Through blood due to sepsis

Directly in ear infection/skull fractures

X Infectious Diseases (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions