MENINGES + CSF (PART 1 MENINGES) Flashcards
Mainly about the meninges
The 3 Meningeal Layer are :
- DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
- ARACHNOID MATER
- PIA MATER
The 3 Meningeal Layer are :
- DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
- ARACHNOID MATER
- PIA MATER
The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________
Lepto-meninges
The Dura mater has 2 layers:
- Endosteal or Periosteal Layer
2. Meningeal Layer
Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___
Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___
- spinal cord
2. spinal dura
Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____
S2
Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______
Dura venous channels
The folds of the Meningeal Dura are:
Or Dural Folds
Or Dural Reflections
Falx Cerebri:
Tentorium Cerebelli
Falx Cerebelli
Diaphragma Sellae
The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:
Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion
Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______
the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)
Falx Cerebri is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -
- POSTERIORLY -
- Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone)
- Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
3.
Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
- Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn)
- Inferior Sagital Sinus (In)
- Straight Sinus (S)
Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____
or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___
- occipital lobe
- cerebellum
- Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
- cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________
posterior cranial fossa
Tentorium cerebelli is attached
1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY -
- POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
- Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process
- occipital and parietal bone
The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________
TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE
Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
- Transverse Sinus (T)
- Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP)
Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
Meckel’s cave which contains _________
trigeminal ganglion
Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________
cerebellar hemisphere
Right and Left
Falx Cerebelli Encloses
1 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
Mnemonic: O - Sinus
Occipital Sinus
Mnemonic: O - Sinus
Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________
Internal Occipital Crest
Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________
roof of the hypophyseal cerebri
Diaphragma Sellae is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -
- POSTERIORLY -
- Tuberculum Sella
2. Dorsum Sella
Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = ______
Middle Cranial fossa =_______
Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________
Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A
Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal
Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries
Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic
Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal
Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries
- ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery
- accesory
- occipital
Dura of vault = ____1___
Dura of floor
=Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___)
= Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___)
= Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).
- CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N)
- anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
- CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
- C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________
anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________
CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________
recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)
_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.
Dural Venous sinus or Channels
Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________
emissary veins
Diaphragma Sellae Encloses
2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
- Anterior intercavernous Sinus
2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
Ca\_\_\_ous S\_\_\_\_ior Petrous Inferior Pe\_\_\_us T\_\_\_verse S\_\_\_oid Sph\_\_\_\_parietal P\_\_\_squamous Middle men\_\_eal vein/sinus
Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :
Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins
Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) –
- Drains ____
- Terminates to ________
Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
- SuperioLateral Surface
- superior sagittal sinus
Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins
- Drains _______
- Terminates to ________
Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
- Posterior Ramus of the Lateral Sulci
- cavernous sinus (C) and
Spheno parietal sinus (Spp)
Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins
- Drains _______
- Terminates to ________
- Surface of the Insula
- Basal Vein
NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN
Inferior Cerebral Veins
- Drains ____
- Terminates to ______
Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
- Inferior surface of the cerebru through its orbit and tentorial branch
- cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses
Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
Anterior Cerebral Veins
- Drains ______
- Terminates to ______
- Corpus Callosum
- Basal Vein
NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN
The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include:
Mnemonic - EIT veins
- External Cerebral Veins
- Internal Cerebral Veins
- Terminal Veins
Mnemonic - EIT veins
Nb:
1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include:
SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS
- The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN
- There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________
Lepto-meninges
The Dura mater has 2 layers:
- Endosteal or Periosteal Layer
2. Meningeal Layer
Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___
Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___
- spinal cord
2. spinal dura
Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____
S2
Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______
Dura venous channels
Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include:
- 3.
4.
5
6.
7.
Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P
- INTERNAL CAROTID A
- OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII)
- TROCHLEAR
- OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY)
- MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N
- ABDUCENT N
- SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:
Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion
Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______
the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)
Falx Cerebri is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -
- POSTERIORLY -
- Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone)
- Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
3.
Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
- Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn)
- Inferior Sagital Sinus (In)
- Straight Sinus (S)
Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____
or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___
- occipital lobe
- cerebellum
- Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
- cerebellum
Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________
posterior cranial fossa
Tentorium cerebelli is attached
1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY -
- POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
- Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process
- occipital and parietal bone
The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________
TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE
Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
- Transverse Sinus (T)
- Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP)
Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
Meckel’s cave which contains _________
trigeminal ganglion
Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________
cerebellar hemisphere
Right and Left
Falx Cerebelli Encloses
1 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
Mnemonic: O - Sinus
Occipital Sinus
Mnemonic: O - Sinus
Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________
Internal Occipital Crest
Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________
roof of the hypophyseal cerebri
Diaphragma Sellae is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -
- POSTERIORLY -
- Tuberculum Sella
2. Dorsum Sella
Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = ______
Middle Cranial fossa =_______
Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________
Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A
Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal
Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries
Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic
Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal
Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries
- ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery
- accesory
- occipital
Dura of vault = ____1___
Dura of floor
=Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___)
= Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___)
= Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).
- CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N)
- anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
- CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
- C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________
anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________
CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________
recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)
_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.
Dural Venous sinus or Channels
Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________
emissary veins
Diaphragma Sellae Encloses
2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
- Anterior intercavernous Sinus
2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
Ca\_\_\_ous S\_\_\_\_ior Petrous Inferior Pe\_\_\_us T\_\_\_verse S\_\_\_oid Sph\_\_\_\_parietal P\_\_\_squamous Middle men\_\_eal vein/sinus
Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :
Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :
S\_\_\_rior Sagittal Inferior Sa\_\_\_l St\_\_\_ht sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior inter\_\_\_ous P\_\_\_rior intercavernous B\_\_\_\_ar Plexus of veins
Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins
Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) – Terminates to ________
Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
superior sagittal sinus
Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________
Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
cavernous sinus (C) and Spheno parietal sinus (Spp)
Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________
Basal Vein
NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN
Inferior Cerebral VeinsTerminates to ______
Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses
Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
Anterior Cerebral Veins Terminates to ______
Basal Vein
NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN
Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the ________
great cerebral veins
The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include:
- Ex_____l Cerebral Veins
- In_____al Cerebral Veins
- T_____nal Veins
Mnemonic - EIT veins
- External Cerebral Veins
- Internal Cerebral Veins
- Terminal Veins
Mnemonic - EIT veins
Nb:
1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include:
SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS
- The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN
- There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
The great cerebral veins terminates in the
Mnemonic- S sinus
Straight Sinus (S)
Mnemonic- S sinus
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE CEREBELLUM
- .
Mnemonic1 : S, T SINUS
Mnemonic2: Ip, Si, O SINUS
- Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus
- Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses
Mnemonic: S, T SINUS
NB:
1. Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus drain the SUPERIOR and POSTERIOR SURFACE of the Cerebellum
- Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses drain the INFERIOR SURFACE
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE BRAIN STEM ;
- MIDBRAIN =
- PONS=
- MEDULLA =
- Basal Vein
- Inferior pertrosal sinus and basilar plexus of veins
- Occipital Sinus and basilar plexus of veins
Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include:
- 3.
4.
5
6.
7.
Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P
- INTERNAL CAROTID A
- OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII)
- TROCHLEAR
- OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY)
- MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N
- ABDUCENT N
- SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
Tributaries of the Cavernous Sinus include :
1.
2.
3.
- Superior and Inferior Ophtalmic Veins (From the Orbit)
- Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein and Inferior Cerebral Veins
- Sphenoparietal Sinus
Draining Channels of the Carvenous Sinus:
- Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________
- Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________
- Emissary Veins DRAINS into __________
- Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into __________
- Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into Transverse Sinus
- Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________Internal Jugular Vein
- Emissary Veins DRAINS into Pterygoid Plexus
- Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into Facial Vein
CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS
- Head injury may lead to communication of ICA and cavernous sinus, symptoms include:
- protruding eye that pulsates with each heart beat
CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS
- Thrombosis: caused by sepsis in dangerous part of the face (nasal cavities and para nasal air sinuses), symptoms include:
- severe pain in the eye and forehead in the area of supply of ophthalmic atery
- involvement of CN III, IV, VI will lead to paralysis of muscle supplied
- Venous = oedema in eyelids, cornea and root of nose
Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Dura Matter by the _______
Sub- Dura Space
Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Pia Matter by the _______
subarachnoid space
Arachnoid Mater thin is Non vascular membrane
True or False
True
_______ herniations project into the Dura Mater
Arachnoid Villi
Arachnoid Villi is most numerous in the _________ sinus
Superior Sagittal SInus
The subarachnoid space surrounds the brain and spinal cord and ends at the lower border of _________
S2
The subarachnoid space contains ___________ fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Pia Mater thin is vascular membrane
True or False
True
The Pia mater closely invests the brain dipping into the sulci
True or False
True