MENINGES + CSF (PART 1 MENINGES) Flashcards

Mainly about the meninges

1
Q

The 3 Meningeal Layer are :

A
  1. DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
  2. ARACHNOID MATER
  3. PIA MATER
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2
Q

The 3 Meningeal Layer are :

A
  1. DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
  2. ARACHNOID MATER
  3. PIA MATER
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3
Q

The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________

A

Lepto-meninges

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4
Q

The Dura mater has 2 layers:

A
  1. Endosteal or Periosteal Layer

2. Meningeal Layer

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5
Q

Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___

Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___

A
  1. spinal cord

2. spinal dura

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6
Q

Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____

A

S2

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7
Q

Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______

A

Dura venous channels

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8
Q

The folds of the Meningeal Dura are:

Or Dural Folds
Or Dural Reflections

A

Falx Cerebri:
Tentorium Cerebelli
Falx Cerebelli
Diaphragma Sellae

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9
Q

The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:

A

Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion

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10
Q

Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______

A

the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)

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11
Q

Falx Cerebri is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone)
  2. Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
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12
Q

Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
3.

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

A
  1. Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn)
  2. Inferior Sagital Sinus (In)
  3. Straight Sinus (S)

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

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13
Q

Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____

or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___

A
  1. occipital lobe
  2. cerebellum
  3. Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
  4. cerebellum
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14
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________

A

posterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

Tentorium cerebelli is attached
1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
A
  1. Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process
  2. occipital and parietal bone
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16
Q

The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________

A

TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE

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17
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

A
  1. Transverse Sinus (T)
  2. Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP)

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

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18
Q

Meckel’s cave which contains _________

A

trigeminal ganglion

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19
Q

Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________

A

cerebellar hemisphere

Right and Left

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20
Q

Falx Cerebelli Encloses
1 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

A

Occipital Sinus

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

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21
Q

Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________

A

Internal Occipital Crest

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22
Q

Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________

A

roof of the hypophyseal cerebri

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23
Q

Diaphragma Sellae is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Tuberculum Sella

2. Dorsum Sella

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24
Q

Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = ______

Middle Cranial fossa =_______

Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________

A

Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A

Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal

Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries

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25
Q

Blood supply:

Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic

Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal

Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries

A
  1. ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery
  2. accesory
  3. occipital
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26
Q

Dura of vault = ____1___

Dura of floor
=Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___)

= Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___)

= Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).

A
  1. CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N)
  2. anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
  3. CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
  4. C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
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27
Q

The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________

A

anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)

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28
Q

The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________

A

CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)

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29
Q

The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________

A

recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)

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30
Q

_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.

A

Dural Venous sinus or Channels

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31
Q

Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________

A

emissary veins

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32
Q

Diaphragma Sellae Encloses
2 Dural Venous Channels which are:

1.

2.

A
  1. Anterior intercavernous Sinus

2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus

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33
Q

8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :

A
Cavernous
Superior Petrous 
Inferior Petrous 
Transverse
Sigmoid
Sphenoparietal
Petrosquamous
Middle meningeal vein/sinus
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34
Q

8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :

Ca\_\_\_ous
S\_\_\_\_ior Petrous 
Inferior Pe\_\_\_us 
T\_\_\_verse
S\_\_\_oid
Sph\_\_\_\_parietal
P\_\_\_squamous
Middle men\_\_eal vein/sinus
A
Cavernous
Superior Petrous 
Inferior Petrous 
Transverse
Sigmoid
Sphenoparietal
Petrosquamous
Middle meningeal vein/sinus
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35
Q

7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :

A
Superior Sagittal
Inferior Sagittal
Straight sinus
Occipital Sinus
Anterior intercavernous
Posterior intercavernous
Basillar Plexus of veins
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36
Q

Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) –

  1. Drains ____
  2. Terminates to ________

Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus

A
  1. SuperioLateral Surface
  2. superior sagittal sinus

Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus

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37
Q

Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins

  1. Drains _______
  2. Terminates to ________

Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus

A
  1. Posterior Ramus of the Lateral Sulci
  2. cavernous sinus (C) and
    Spheno parietal sinus (Spp)

Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus

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38
Q

Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins

  1. Drains _______
  2. Terminates to ________
A
  1. Surface of the Insula
  2. Basal Vein

NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN

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39
Q

Inferior Cerebral Veins

  1. Drains ____
  2. Terminates to ______

Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus

A
  1. Inferior surface of the cerebru through its orbit and tentorial branch
  2. cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses

Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus

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40
Q

Anterior Cerebral Veins

  1. Drains ______
  2. Terminates to ______
A
  1. Corpus Callosum
  2. Basal Vein

NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN

41
Q

The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include:

Mnemonic - EIT veins

A
  1. External Cerebral Veins
  2. Internal Cerebral Veins
  3. Terminal Veins

Mnemonic - EIT veins

Nb:
1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include:
SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS

  1. The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN
  2. There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
42
Q

The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________

A

Lepto-meninges

43
Q

The Dura mater has 2 layers:

A
  1. Endosteal or Periosteal Layer

2. Meningeal Layer

44
Q

Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___

Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___

A
  1. spinal cord

2. spinal dura

45
Q

Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____

A

S2

46
Q

Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______

A

Dura venous channels

47
Q

Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include:

  1. 3.
    4.
    5
    6.
    7.

Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P

A
  1. INTERNAL CAROTID A
  2. OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII)
  3. TROCHLEAR
  4. OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY)
  5. MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N
  6. ABDUCENT N
  7. SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
48
Q

The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:

A

Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion

49
Q

Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______

A

the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)

50
Q

Falx Cerebri is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone)
  2. Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
51
Q

Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
3.

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

A
  1. Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn)
  2. Inferior Sagital Sinus (In)
  3. Straight Sinus (S)

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

52
Q

Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____

or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___

A
  1. occipital lobe
  2. cerebellum
  3. Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
  4. cerebellum
53
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________

A

posterior cranial fossa

54
Q

Tentorium cerebelli is attached
1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
A
  1. Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process
  2. occipital and parietal bone
55
Q

The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________

A

TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE

56
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

A
  1. Transverse Sinus (T)
  2. Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP)

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

57
Q

Meckel’s cave which contains _________

A

trigeminal ganglion

58
Q

Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________

A

cerebellar hemisphere

Right and Left

59
Q

Falx Cerebelli Encloses
1 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

A

Occipital Sinus

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

60
Q

Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________

A

Internal Occipital Crest

61
Q

Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________

A

roof of the hypophyseal cerebri

62
Q

Diaphragma Sellae is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Tuberculum Sella

2. Dorsum Sella

63
Q

Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = ______

Middle Cranial fossa =_______

Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________

A

Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A

Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal

Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries

64
Q

Blood supply:

Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic

Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal

Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries

A
  1. ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery
  2. accesory
  3. occipital
65
Q

Dura of vault = ____1___

Dura of floor
=Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___)

= Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___)

= Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).

A
  1. CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N)
  2. anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
  3. CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
  4. C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
66
Q

The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________

A

anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)

67
Q

The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________

A

CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)

68
Q

The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________

A

recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)

69
Q

_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.

A

Dural Venous sinus or Channels

70
Q

Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________

A

emissary veins

71
Q

Diaphragma Sellae Encloses
2 Dural Venous Channels which are:

1.

2.

A
  1. Anterior intercavernous Sinus

2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus

72
Q

8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :

A
Cavernous
Superior Petrous 
Inferior Petrous 
Transverse
Sigmoid
Sphenoparietal
Petrosquamous
Middle meningeal vein/sinus
73
Q

8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :

Ca\_\_\_ous
S\_\_\_\_ior Petrous 
Inferior Pe\_\_\_us 
T\_\_\_verse
S\_\_\_oid
Sph\_\_\_\_parietal
P\_\_\_squamous
Middle men\_\_eal vein/sinus
A
Cavernous
Superior Petrous 
Inferior Petrous 
Transverse
Sigmoid
Sphenoparietal
Petrosquamous
Middle meningeal vein/sinus
74
Q

7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :

A
Superior Sagittal
Inferior Sagittal
Straight sinus
Occipital Sinus
Anterior intercavernous
Posterior intercavernous
Basillar Plexus of veins
75
Q

7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :

S\_\_\_rior Sagittal
Inferior Sa\_\_\_l
St\_\_\_ht sinus
Occipital Sinus
Anterior inter\_\_\_ous
P\_\_\_rior intercavernous
B\_\_\_\_ar Plexus of veins
A
Superior Sagittal
Inferior Sagittal
Straight sinus
Occipital Sinus
Anterior intercavernous
Posterior intercavernous
Basillar Plexus of veins
76
Q

Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) – Terminates to ________

Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus

A

superior sagittal sinus

Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus

77
Q

Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________

Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus

A
cavernous sinus (C) and 
Spheno parietal sinus (Spp)

Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus

78
Q

Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________

A

Basal Vein

NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN

79
Q

Inferior Cerebral VeinsTerminates to ______

Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus

A

cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses

Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus

80
Q

Anterior Cerebral Veins Terminates to ______

A

Basal Vein

NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN

81
Q

Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the ________

A

great cerebral veins

82
Q

The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include:

  1. Ex_____l Cerebral Veins
  2. In_____al Cerebral Veins
  3. T_____nal Veins

Mnemonic - EIT veins

A
  1. External Cerebral Veins
  2. Internal Cerebral Veins
  3. Terminal Veins

Mnemonic - EIT veins

Nb:
1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include:
SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS

  1. The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN
  2. There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
83
Q

The great cerebral veins terminates in the

Mnemonic- S sinus

A

Straight Sinus (S)

Mnemonic- S sinus

84
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE CEREBELLUM

  1. .

Mnemonic1 : S, T SINUS
Mnemonic2: Ip, Si, O SINUS

A
  1. Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus
  2. Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses

Mnemonic: S, T SINUS

NB:
1. Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus drain the SUPERIOR and POSTERIOR SURFACE of the Cerebellum

  1. Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses drain the INFERIOR SURFACE
85
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE BRAIN STEM ;

  1. MIDBRAIN =
  2. PONS=
  3. MEDULLA =
A
  1. Basal Vein
  2. Inferior pertrosal sinus and basilar plexus of veins
  3. Occipital Sinus and basilar plexus of veins
86
Q

Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include:

  1. 3.
    4.
    5
    6.
    7.

Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P

A
  1. INTERNAL CAROTID A
  2. OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII)
  3. TROCHLEAR
  4. OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY)
  5. MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N
  6. ABDUCENT N
  7. SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
87
Q

Tributaries of the Cavernous Sinus include :

1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Superior and Inferior Ophtalmic Veins (From the Orbit)
  2. Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein and Inferior Cerebral Veins
  3. Sphenoparietal Sinus
88
Q

Draining Channels of the Carvenous Sinus:

  1. Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________
  2. Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________
  3. Emissary Veins DRAINS into __________
  4. Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into __________
A
  1. Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into Transverse Sinus
  2. Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________Internal Jugular Vein
  3. Emissary Veins DRAINS into Pterygoid Plexus
  4. Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into Facial Vein
89
Q

CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS

  1. Head injury may lead to communication of ICA and cavernous sinus, symptoms include:
A
  1. protruding eye that pulsates with each heart beat
90
Q

CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS

  1. Thrombosis: caused by sepsis in dangerous part of the face (nasal cavities and para nasal air sinuses), symptoms include:
A
  1. severe pain in the eye and forehead in the area of supply of ophthalmic atery
  2. involvement of CN III, IV, VI will lead to paralysis of muscle supplied
  3. Venous = oedema in eyelids, cornea and root of nose
91
Q

Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Dura Matter by the _______

A

Sub- Dura Space

92
Q

Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Pia Matter by the _______

A

subarachnoid space

93
Q

Arachnoid Mater thin is Non vascular membrane

True or False

A

True

94
Q

_______ herniations project into the Dura Mater

A

Arachnoid Villi

95
Q

Arachnoid Villi is most numerous in the _________ sinus

A

Superior Sagittal SInus

96
Q

The subarachnoid space surrounds the brain and spinal cord and ends at the lower border of _________

A

S2

97
Q

The subarachnoid space contains ___________ fluid

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

98
Q

Pia Mater thin is vascular membrane

True or False

A

True

99
Q

The Pia mater closely invests the brain dipping into the sulci

True or False

A

True