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MENINGES + CSF (PART 1 MENINGES) Flashcards

Mainly about the meninges

1
Q

The 3 Meningeal Layer are :

A
  1. DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
  2. ARACHNOID MATER
  3. PIA MATER
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2
Q

The 3 Meningeal Layer are :

A
  1. DURA MATER OR PACHYMENINX
  2. ARACHNOID MATER
  3. PIA MATER
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3
Q

The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________

A

Lepto-meninges

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4
Q

The Dura mater has 2 layers:

A
  1. Endosteal or Periosteal Layer

2. Meningeal Layer

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5
Q

Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___

Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___

A
  1. spinal cord

2. spinal dura

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6
Q

Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____

A

S2

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7
Q

Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______

A

Dura venous channels

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8
Q

The folds of the Meningeal Dura are:

Or Dural Folds
Or Dural Reflections

A

Falx Cerebri:
Tentorium Cerebelli
Falx Cerebelli
Diaphragma Sellae

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9
Q

The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:

A

Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion

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10
Q

Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______

A

the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)

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11
Q

Falx Cerebri is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone)
  2. Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
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12
Q

Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.
3.

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

A
  1. Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn)
  2. Inferior Sagital Sinus (In)
  3. Straight Sinus (S)

Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS

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13
Q

Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____

or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___

A
  1. occipital lobe
  2. cerebellum
  3. Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere)
  4. cerebellum
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14
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________

A

posterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

Tentorium cerebelli is attached
1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
A
  1. Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process
  2. occipital and parietal bone
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16
Q

The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________

A

TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE

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17
Q

Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.
2.

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

A
  1. Transverse Sinus (T)
  2. Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP)

Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS

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18
Q

Meckel’s cave which contains _________

A

trigeminal ganglion

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19
Q

Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________

A

cerebellar hemisphere

Right and Left

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20
Q

Falx Cerebelli Encloses
1 Dural Venous Channels which are:
1.

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

A

Occipital Sinus

Mnemonic: O - Sinus

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21
Q

Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________

A

Internal Occipital Crest

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22
Q

Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________

A

roof of the hypophyseal cerebri

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23
Q

Diaphragma Sellae is attached
1. ANTERIORLY -

  1. POSTERIORLY -
A
  1. Tuberculum Sella

2. Dorsum Sella

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24
Q

Blood supply:
Anterior Cranial fossa = ______

Middle Cranial fossa =_______

Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________

A

Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A

Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal

Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries

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25
Blood supply: Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries
1. ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery 2. accesory 3. occipital
26
Dura of vault = ____1___ Dura of floor =Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___) = Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___) = Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).
1. CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N) 2. anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) 3. CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N) 4. C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
27
The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________
anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
28
The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________
CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
29
The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________
recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)
30
_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.
Dural Venous sinus or Channels
31
Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________
emissary veins
32
Diaphragma Sellae Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are: 1. 2.
1. Anterior intercavernous Sinus | 2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus
33
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
``` Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus ```
34
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are : ``` Ca___ous S____ior Petrous Inferior Pe___us T___verse S___oid Sph____parietal P___squamous Middle men__eal vein/sinus ```
``` Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus ```
35
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :
``` Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins ```
36
Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) – 1. Drains ____ 2. Terminates to ________ Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
1. SuperioLateral Surface 2. superior sagittal sinus Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
37
Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins 1. Drains _______ 2. Terminates to ________ Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
1. Posterior Ramus of the Lateral Sulci 2. cavernous sinus (C) and Spheno parietal sinus (Spp) Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
38
Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins 1. Drains _______ 2. Terminates to ________
1. Surface of the Insula 2. Basal Vein NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN
39
Inferior Cerebral Veins 1. Drains ____ 2. Terminates to ______ Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
1. Inferior surface of the cerebru through its orbit and tentorial branch 2. cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
40
Anterior Cerebral Veins 1. Drains ______ 2. Terminates to ______
1. Corpus Callosum 2. Basal Vein NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Anterior branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN
41
The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include: Mnemonic - EIT veins
1. External Cerebral Veins 2. Internal Cerebral Veins 3. Terminal Veins Mnemonic - EIT veins Nb: 1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include: SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS 2. The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN 3. There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
42
The ARACHNOID MATER and PIA MATER together are known as __________
Lepto-meninges
43
The Dura mater has 2 layers:
1. Endosteal or Periosteal Layer | 2. Meningeal Layer
44
Endosteal Layer does not extend to the ____1___ Meningeal Layer continues as the ____2___
1. spinal cord | 2. spinal dura
45
Spinal dura (theca) ends inferiorly at _____
S2
46
Both layers of Dura mater (Endosteal and Meningeal) are united except where they enclose ______
Dura venous channels
47
Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P
1. INTERNAL CAROTID A 2. OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII) 3. TROCHLEAR 4. OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY) 5. MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N 6. ABDUCENT N 7. SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
48
The main funvtion of the Dural Fold or Dural Reflection is to:
Minimizes rotatory displacement of the brain to prevent concussion
49
Falx Cerebri is the Largest Dural fold and it Seperates _______
the two Cerebral Hemispher (Right and Left)
50
Falx Cerebri is attached 1. ANTERIORLY - 2. POSTERIORLY -
1. Frontal Crest (of the Frontal Bone) and Crista Gali (of the Ethmoid Bone) 2. Tentoruim Cerebelli (upper surface) and Internal Occipital Protuberance
51
Falx Cerebri Encloses 3 Dural Venous Channels which are: 1. 2. 3. Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
1. Superior Sagital Sinus (Sn) 2. Inferior Sagital Sinus (In) 3. Straight Sinus (S) Mnemonic: Ss In S - SINUS
52
Tentorium cerebelli seperates the ___1____ from the ____2____ or sepreates the ___3____ from the ____4___
1. occipital lobe 2. cerebellum 3. Cerebrum (Cerebral Hemisphere) 4. cerebellum
53
Tentorium cerebelli Roofs the ____________
posterior cranial fossa
54
Tentorium cerebelli is attached 1. ANTERIOR LATERALLY - 2. POSTERIORLY LATERALLY -
1. Petrous part of temporal bone and Posterior clinoid process 2. occipital and parietal bone
55
The Tentorium cerebelli has a U shaped Notch or Incisure called the _________
TENTORIAL NOTCH OR TENTORIAL INCISURE
56
Tentorium cerebelli Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are: 1. 2. Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
1. Transverse Sinus (T) 2. Superior Petrosal Sinus (SP) Mnemonic: T SP- SINUS
57
Meckel’s cave which contains _________
trigeminal ganglion
58
Falx Cerebelli Separates the ____________
cerebellar hemisphere | Right and Left
59
Falx Cerebelli Encloses 1 Dural Venous Channels which are: 1. Mnemonic: O - Sinus
Occipital Sinus Mnemonic: O - Sinus
60
Falx Cerebelli is attached to _________
Internal Occipital Crest
61
Diaphragma Sellae Forms the ___________
roof of the hypophyseal cerebri
62
Diaphragma Sellae is attached 1. ANTERIORLY - 2. POSTERIORLY -
1. Tuberculum Sella | 2. Dorsum Sella
63
Blood supply: Anterior Cranial fossa = ______ Middle Cranial fossa =_______ Posterior Cranial Fossa = ________
Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery and ophthalmic A Middle Cranial fossa = Middle meningeal + accessory meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of occipital, and vertebral Arteries
64
Blood supply: Anterior Cranial fossa = Meningeal branch of ____1__ ; ophthalmic Middle Cranial fossa = Middle and ___2___meningeal + ICA + meningeal of ascending pharyngeal Posterior Cranial Fossa = Meningeal of ___3___ and vertebral Arteries
1. ethmoidal (ante + poste) Artery 2. accesory 3. occipital
65
Dura of vault = ____1___ Dura of floor =Ante fossa (___2__ and ___2___) = Middle fossa (____3__ and ____3___) = Poste fossa (recurrent branch from _____4___ and partly meningeal branch of ________).
1. CNV1 ( Ophthalmic N branch of trigeminal N) 2. anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) 3. CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N) 4. C1,2,3 and Cn 9 and 10
66
The nerve supply of the Ante fossa is ___________
anterior ethmoidal N and CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N)
67
The nerve supply of the Middle fossa is ___________
CNV2 (Maxillary N branch of trigeminal N) and CNV3 (Mandibular N branch of trigeminal N)
68
The nerve supply of the Posterior fossa is ___________
recurrent branch from CN 1 2 3 and partly meningeal branch of CN 9 and 10)
69
_______ receive blood from skull, Meniniges, Brain.
Dural Venous sinus or Channels
70
Dural Venous sinus or Channels communicate with veins outside the skull through the ________
emissary veins
71
Diaphragma Sellae Encloses 2 Dural Venous Channels which are: 1. 2.
1. Anterior intercavernous Sinus | 2. Posterior intercavernous Sinus
72
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are :
``` Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus ```
73
8 paired Dura venous Sinuses are : ``` Ca___ous S____ior Petrous Inferior Pe___us T___verse S___oid Sph____parietal P___squamous Middle men__eal vein/sinus ```
``` Cavernous Superior Petrous Inferior Petrous Transverse Sigmoid Sphenoparietal Petrosquamous Middle meningeal vein/sinus ```
74
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are :
``` Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins ```
75
7 single Dura venous Sinuses are : ``` S___rior Sagittal Inferior Sa___l St___ht sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior inter___ous P___rior intercavernous B____ar Plexus of veins ```
``` Superior Sagittal Inferior Sagittal Straight sinus Occipital Sinus Anterior intercavernous Posterior intercavernous Basillar Plexus of veins ```
76
Superior cerebral Veins (6-12) – Terminates to ________ Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
superior sagittal sinus Mnemonic: Ss -Sinus
77
Superficial branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________ Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
``` cavernous sinus (C) and Spheno parietal sinus (Spp) ``` Mnenonic: C Spp - Sinus
78
Deep branch of the Middle cerebral veins Terminates to ________
Basal Vein NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein Terminates into the BASAL VEIN
79
Inferior Cerebral VeinsTerminates to ______ Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
cavernous (C), superior petrosal (Sp) and transverse (T) sinuses Mnemonic: C Sp T - sinus
80
Anterior Cerebral Veins Terminates to ______
Basal Vein NB: Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein and Deep branch of the Middle cerebral vein terminates into the BASAL VEIN
81
Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the ________
great cerebral veins
82
The Venous Drainage of the Cerebrum include: 1. Ex_____l Cerebral Veins 2. In_____al Cerebral Veins 3. T_____nal Veins Mnemonic - EIT veins
1. External Cerebral Veins 2. Internal Cerebral Veins 3. Terminal Veins Mnemonic - EIT veins Nb: 1. There are 4 External Cerebral Veins which include: SUPERFICIAL, MIDDLE, INFERIOR and ANTERIOR CEREBRAL VEINS 2. The Internal Cerebral Veins unite to form the GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN 3. There are 2 Terminal veins GREAT CEREBRAL VEIN and BASAL VEIN
83
The great cerebral veins terminates in the Mnemonic- S sinus
Straight Sinus (S) Mnemonic- S sinus
84
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE CEREBELLUM 1. 2. . Mnemonic1 : S, T SINUS Mnemonic2: Ip, Si, O SINUS
1. Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus 2. Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses Mnemonic: S, T SINUS NB: 1. Straight (S) Sinus and Transverse (T) Sinus drain the SUPERIOR and POSTERIOR SURFACE of the Cerebellum 2. Inferior petrosal, Sigmoid + Occipital sinuses drain the INFERIOR SURFACE
85
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE BRAIN STEM ; 1. MIDBRAIN = 2. PONS= 3. MEDULLA =
1. Basal Vein 2. Inferior pertrosal sinus and basilar plexus of veins 3. Occipital Sinus and basilar plexus of veins
86
Structures in the Cavernous Sinus Include: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 6. 7. Mnemonic: ICA, CN III IV Vi Vii VI and Sym P
1. INTERNAL CAROTID A 2. OCCULOMOTOR N (CNIII) 3. TROCHLEAR 4. OPTHALMIC DIVISION OF TRIGEMINAL N ( LACRIMAL, FRONTAL, NASOCILLIARY) 5. MAXILLARY DIVISION OF TRIGERMINAL N 6. ABDUCENT N 7. SYMPATHETIC PLEXUS
87
Tributaries of the Cavernous Sinus include : 1. 2. 3.
1. Superior and Inferior Ophtalmic Veins (From the Orbit) 2. Superficial Middle Cerebral Vein and Inferior Cerebral Veins 3. Sphenoparietal Sinus
88
Draining Channels of the Carvenous Sinus: 1. Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________ 2. Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________ 3. Emissary Veins DRAINS into __________ 4. Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into __________
1. Superior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into Transverse Sinus 2. Inferior Petrosal Sinus DRAINS into __________Internal Jugular Vein 3. Emissary Veins DRAINS into Pterygoid Plexus 4. Superior Ophtalmic Vein DRAINS into Facial Vein
89
CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS 1. Head injury may lead to communication of ICA and cavernous sinus, symptoms include:
1. protruding eye that pulsates with each heart beat
90
CLINICAL CORRELATE TO THE DURAL VENOUS SINUS 1. Thrombosis: caused by sepsis in dangerous part of the face (nasal cavities and para nasal air sinuses), symptoms include:
1. severe pain in the eye and forehead in the area of supply of ophthalmic atery 2. involvement of CN III, IV, VI will lead to paralysis of muscle supplied 3. Venous = oedema in eyelids, cornea and root of nose
91
Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Dura Matter by the _______
Sub- Dura Space
92
Arachnoid mater is seperated from the Pia Matter by the _______
subarachnoid space
93
Arachnoid Mater thin is Non vascular membrane True or False
True
94
_______ herniations project into the Dura Mater
Arachnoid Villi
95
Arachnoid Villi is most numerous in the _________ sinus
Superior Sagittal SInus
96
The subarachnoid space surrounds the brain and spinal cord and ends at the lower border of _________
S2
97
The subarachnoid space contains ___________ fluid
Cerebrospinal Fluid
98
Pia Mater thin is vascular membrane True or False
True
99
The Pia mater closely invests the brain dipping into the sulci True or False
True

NEUROANATOMY (6 decks)

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