Cerebellum Neuroanatomy Flashcards
The cerebellum (or small brain) lies in the posterior _________.
cranial fossa
Like the cerebrum, the cerebellum has a superficial layer of grey matter, the ___________.
cerebellar cortex
The cerebellum weighs about ___ g in the adult/ __% the weight of the cerebral hemispheres
150 g, 10%
The ________ lies behind the pons and the medulla.
cerebellum
The cerebellum is separated from the cerebrum by a fold of dura mater called the_________ _______
tentorium cerebelli.
The cerebellum consists of a part lying near the midline called the______,and of two lateralhemispheres
vermis
On each side of the cerebellum the vermis is separated from the corresponding cerebellar hemisphere by a___________
paramedian sulcus.
The cerebellum has two surfaces -________ and ________
superiorandinferior.
On the inferior aspect, the two hemispheres are separated by a deep depression called the_____.
vallecula
On the superior aspect, there is no line of distinction between ve__is and hem__pheres.
vermis and hemispheres.
Anteriorly and posteriorly the hemispheres extend beyond the vermis and are separated by anterior and posterior cer__llar not__es
cerebellar notches
The cerebella surface is marked by a series of fissures that run more or less parallel to one another.
The fissures subdivide the surface of the cerebellum into narrow leaf like bands orFo_ia.
folia
The fissures divide the cerebellum intolobeswithin which smallerlob_esmay be recognized
lobules
The deepest fissures in the cerebellum are:
i. the pr__ary fissure on the superior surface
and
II. Poste__lateral fissure seen on the inferior aspect
These fissures divide the cerebellum into three lobes (Anterior, Posterior and Flocculonodular Lobe)
i. primary
ii. Posterolateral
The anterior and posterior lobes together form the c__pus c_rebelli
corpus cerebelli
The fissures separating the subdivisions of the cerebellum are:
- Theprimary fissure: separates the an__rior and po__erior lobes.
- Theposterolateral fissureseparates the po__erior lobe from the floc__lonodular lobe
- Thehorizontal fissuredivides the cerebellum into u__er and l_wer halves.
- anterior and posterior lobes
- posterior lobe from the flocculonodular lobe;
- upper and lower halves.
Most of the grey matter of the cerebellum is arranged as a thin layer covering the central core of white matter.
This layer is the c__ebellar cortex.
cerebellar cortex.
Embedded within the central core of white matter there are masses of grey matter which constitute thecer__ellar nuclei.
cerebellar nuclei.
Thede__ate nucleuslies in the centre of each cerebellar hemisphere
dentate nucleus
Thee__oliform nucleuslies on the medial side of the dentate nucleus.
emboliform nucleus
Thegl__ose nucleuslies medial to the emboliform nucleus.
globose nucleus
Thefa__igial nucleuslies close to the middle line in the anterior
part of the superior vermis.
fastigial nucleus
The central core of each cerebellar hemisphere is formed by w__te matter.
The peduncles are continued into this white matter.
white matter.
The white matter of the two sides is connected by a thin lamina of fibres that are closely related to the IV ventricle.
The upper part of this lamina forms the superior med___ary velum , and its inferior part forms the inferior m__ullary velum.
Both these take part in forming the roof of the fourth ventricle.
superior medullary velum,
inferior medullary velum.
The fibers entering or leaving the cerebellum pass through three thick bundles called the cerebellar peduncles they include:
- sup_ior cerebellar peduncles
- mi_dle cerebellar peduncles
- in_rior cerebellar peduncles
- superior cerebellar peduncles
- middle cerebellar peduncles
- inferior cerebellar peduncles
The fibers entering or leaving the cerebellum pass through three thick bundles called the cerebellar peduncles they include:
- superior cerebellar peduncles
- middle cerebellar peduncles
- inferior cerebellar peduncles
inferior cerebellar peduncles is also called there__iform body.
restiform body.
Basic Structure of the Cerebellar Cortex
It may be divided into three layers as follows:
a. Mo__cular layer(most superficial).
b. Pur_nje cell layer. (The Purkinje cell layer is often described as part of the molecular layer).
c. Gr_nular layer, which rests on white matter.
a. Molecular layer
b. Purkinje cell layer
c. Granular layer
The Purkinje cell layer is unusual in that it contains only o_e layer of neurons.
one layer of neurons
The Purkinje cell layer, cell bodies of these neurons are large and f__sk-shaped
flask-shaped
The Purkinje cell layer axons constitute the only ef__rents of the cerebellar cortex.
efferents
The ________ cells are very small, numerous, spherical neurons that occupy the greater part of the granular layer.
granule
The spaces not occupied by the granule cell are calledce___bellar islands.
cerebellar islands.
These islands are occupied by special synaptic structures calledglo_eruli.
glomeruli.
The axonal branches of granule cells are calledp__allel fibres.
parallel fibres.
Parallel fibres also synapse with G_gi cells, ba_ket cells and ste_late cells.
Golgi cells, basket cells and stellate cells.
