mendelian genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

what is not a useful criteria for model organisms

A

long life cycle

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2
Q

approximately what percentage of human disease are also found in fruit flies

A

75%

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3
Q

autosomal dominant inheritance

A

an affected individual will have at least 1 affected parent and disease occurs every generation
-autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female

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4
Q

autosomal recessive inheritance

A

child inherits one copy of a mutated gene from each parent and disease skips generations
autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female
-affected - homozygous recessive

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5
Q

what symbol represents affected male

A

black square

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6
Q

during production of female gametes in the pistil of plants, how many haploid nuclei do megaspores contain

A

4

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7
Q

during production of male gametes in the stamen of plants, how many haploid nuclei does a pollen grain contain

A

2

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8
Q

mitochondrial DNA codes for how many polypeptides

A

13

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9
Q

pleiotropic allele

A

A single allele can influence more than one phenotype

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10
Q

describe mendel’s law of segregation

A

organisms characteristics are controlled by genes normally in pairs but are single in gametes
-during meiosis - 2 chromosomes are separated to form haploid gametes with 1 allele each

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11
Q

describe mendel’s law of independent assortment

A

genes for different traits assort independently to form gametes
-shown by dihybrid cross test results - 9:3:3:1 so need genes with 2 alleles

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12
Q

deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-independent assortment

A

linkage (genes on same chromosome)

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13
Q

deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-mendelian segregation of phenotypes

A

complex gene interactions

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14
Q

pedigree - square and circle
which is male and female

A

female - circle
male - square

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15
Q

diploid organisms -

A
  • 1 set from mother, 1 set from father - each set is generated by meiosis
  • 2 matching sets of chromosomes (except sex chromosomes in males)
  • 2 copies of every gene (except sex chromosomes in males)
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16
Q

haploid organisms -

A
  • 1 set from parent cell - generated by mitosis
  • 1 set of chromosome
  • 1 copy of every gene