mendelian genetics Flashcards
what is not a useful criteria for model organisms
long life cycle
approximately what percentage of human disease are also found in fruit flies
75%
autosomal dominant inheritance
an affected individual will have at least 1 affected parent and disease occurs every generation
-autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female
autosomal recessive inheritance
child inherits one copy of a mutated gene from each parent and disease skips generations
autosomal - affected progeny can be male or female
-affected - homozygous recessive
what symbol represents affected male
black square
during production of female gametes in the pistil of plants, how many haploid nuclei do megaspores contain
4
during production of male gametes in the stamen of plants, how many haploid nuclei does a pollen grain contain
2
mitochondrial DNA codes for how many polypeptides
13
pleiotropic allele
A single allele can influence more than one phenotype
describe mendel’s law of segregation
organisms characteristics are controlled by genes normally in pairs but are single in gametes
-during meiosis - 2 chromosomes are separated to form haploid gametes with 1 allele each
describe mendel’s law of independent assortment
genes for different traits assort independently to form gametes
-shown by dihybrid cross test results - 9:3:3:1 so need genes with 2 alleles
deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-independent assortment
linkage (genes on same chromosome)
deviations from mendelian inheritance - what is non-mendelian segregation of phenotypes
complex gene interactions
pedigree - square and circle
which is male and female
female - circle
male - square
diploid organisms -
- 1 set from mother, 1 set from father - each set is generated by meiosis
- 2 matching sets of chromosomes (except sex chromosomes in males)
- 2 copies of every gene (except sex chromosomes in males)