genetics of bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

3 phases of bacterial growth

A
  1. lag phase - bacteria adapts to medium
  2. exponential (log) phase - rapid growth
  3. stationary phase - cells stop diving due to limited nutrients
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2
Q

bacteria - haploid - 1 copy of each gene so if mutation arises, what happens

A

they are affected as they don’t have another copy of the same gene

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3
Q

….. is the best understood bacterial species, 1st example of a model genetic organism

A

E.coli

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4
Q

3 ways of genetic exchange in bacteria:
1. conjugation:

A

transfer of plasmids between bacterial cells

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5
Q

3 ways of genetic exchange in bacteria:
2. transduction:

A

bacteriophage can package a DNA fragment from the bacterial genome and transfer to another bacterial cell

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6
Q

3 ways of genetic exchange in bacteria:
3. transformation:

A

bacteria take up DNA from environment

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7
Q

genetic exchange in bacteria
transformation:

A
  1. recipient cell takes up donor DNA
  2. recombination between donor DNA and recipient DNA
  3. get genetically transformed cell

more DNA you add, more likely to be transformed with bacterial DNA

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8
Q

what is competency of bacteria

A

few bacteria are capable of taking up DNA by transformation at one time - competency varies depending on state of growth

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9
Q

to enhance competency in a population of E. coli - (3)

A

-grown in rich liquid culture
-harvested in exponential growth phase
-treated with CaCl2

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10
Q

what is generalised transduction by bacteriophages

A

when virus (T4) picks up piece of host genomic DNA and transports it to another cell

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11
Q

conjugation - donor cell transfers some genetic info to recipient cell. genetic info is transferred through -

A

hollow tube of proteins - conjugation pilus

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12
Q

1st plasmid to be discovered

A

fertility plasmid, carries genes which allow genetic exchange
-30 transfer genes
-origin of replication
-origin of transfer
-3 insertion sequences

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13
Q

R plasmid - bacteria carry genes that have

A

antibiotic resistance

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14
Q

size of R plasmid

A

large

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15
Q

size of R plasmid

A

large

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16
Q

does R plasmid have tra gene

A

yes

17
Q

CoIEI plasmid is in

A

E. coli

18
Q

size of CoIEI plasmid

A

small

19
Q

does CoIEI have tra gene

A

no

20
Q

which step of the lytic lifecycle of phage T4 occurs between arrest of host gene expression and induction of DNA replication

A

enzyme synthesis