Mendelian Flashcards
Character?
A heritable feature that varies among individuals
Trait?
A variant for a character
Hybridization?
Crossing of 2 true-breeding varietes
The law of segregation?
2 alleles for a heritable character separate from each other during gamete formation and ends up in different gametes.
Egg and sperm gets only 1 of 2 alleles that are present in the somatic cells of the organism producing the gamete.
Punnet square?
Predecting the allele composition of offspring from the cross between individuals of known genetic make up
Testcross?
Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a recessive homozygote to reveal the genotype of that organism.
The law of independent assortment?
2 or more genes assort independently of each other as each pair of alleles separate independntly of any other pair of alleles during gamete formation. Applies to alleles on other chromosomes or that are very far apart on the same chromosome.
Complete dominance?
Phenotypes of the heterozygote or homozygote trait is dominant
Incomplete dominance?
Neither allele is completely dominant and is a hybrid between the 2 parental varietes
Codominance?
The 2 alleles each affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways.
Pleiotropy?
Most genes have multipple phenotypic effects ex can determine the color but also affect the outer surface of the seed.
Multipple alleles?
ABO system
Epistasis?
1 gene affect phenotype of another beacuse the 2 products interact. 9:3:4
The phenotypic expression of one gene @ one locus alters that of one gene @ a second locus.
Polygenetic inheritance?
For quantitative characters. An additive effect of 2 or more genes on a single phenotypic character.
Skin color with a bells curve.
